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The Great War Flashcards

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1
Q

Allied Powers

A

An alliance with the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union

  • This alliance allowed the defeat of the Axis Powers, therefore it prevented the expansion of Chin, Germany and Japan
  • ## pushed to create the treaty of Versailles
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2
Q

Armenian Genocide (1915)

A

The first non-colonial genocide

  • Laid the ground work for more Homogeneous Nation-states
  • The Murder of 1.5 million Armenians in Turkey
  • it was a “modern” genocide (a necessary and legitimate undertaking)
  • The preventions of the Armenians creating their own state
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3
Q

Artillery

A

Large Caliber guns used in warfare.

  • the advancements within current artillery created the need to adapt battles strategies
  • bombardments could wipe out armies
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4
Q

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

A

A member of the Royal Habsburg Dynasty (Ruled the Austro-Hungarian Empire)

  • the assassination of his death caused the snowball to start the Great War
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5
Q

Balkans

A

A region in Europe that included present day Bulgaria, Greece, Romania and others

  • The Balkan war (1912-1913) helped the ball rolling for the Great War
  • Also eliminated the Ottoman Empire from most of Europe (alliance wise)
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6
Q

Battle of the Falkland Islands (Dec 8th, 1914)

A

The first Navel Battle in the Great War (Britain & Germany)

  • it gave confidence to the allied powers, which was much needed because they were in dire times.
  • useful outpost
  • made Germany use submarine warfare because they lost badly against the British
  • Main thing to hook America into the war
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7
Q

Battle of the Marne (Sept 6, 1914)

A

This was many battles between the French and Germans that caused a watershed moment

  • This pushed the Germans back 40-50 miles away from the capital (Paris)
  • this then caused a boost of morale for the French
  • schlieffen plan became impossible
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8
Q

The Black Hand

A

A secret military society (nationalist movements/ wanted there own country)

  • used terrorist tactics to promote the liberations of Serbs
  • planned the assassination of the archduke which resulted the outcome of the Great War
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9
Q

Bolshevik Revolution

A

OVER THREW THE IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT (Tsar Nicholas II) AND PLACED THE BOLSHEVIKS IN CHARGE

  • paved the way for the growth of communism
  • ## RUSSIA DROPPING OUT OF THE WAR (democracy vs monarchy)
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10
Q

Central Powers

A

These were alliances within the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Bulgaria

  • One of the members declared war on Serbians
  • Therefore caused the start of The Great War
  • The German Empire, after many loses, signed the treaty of Versailles
  • the fall of almost every monarchy
  • winner of the war control the rules
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11
Q

Chemical Warfare

A

The use of the toxic properties of chemical substances to kill, injure or incapacitate an enemy in warfare and associated military operations

  • Caused wide scale casualties to soldiers AND civilians
  • Brought the end of trench warfare because of the effects of mustard gas
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12
Q

Colonialism

A

The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically

  • caused the race to Africa (rush for resources)
  • other colonies for different motherlands would deprive those colonies for resources to fund the expenses in WWI
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13
Q

The Crimean War (Oct 1853-Feb 1856)

A

This was a war within Russia with European powers that lost their alliance with the United Kingdom, French and the Ottoman Empire.
Colonial conflict = creating tension (similar to world war 1)
Misread what would happen thought it would be short but actually dragged out to a long war

  • this war cause tremendous loss of confidence within the war. Also cause a huge cost of resource for a war they lost.
    -lost Russia’s influence
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14
Q

The Eastern Front

A

Main battles on the Russian front with Germany and Austria. Hudnargian empire
More casualties in that area
Most empires collapse

  • the length of the eastern front cause a stretch of resources
  • Germany kept fighting and weakening that front but Russia kept holding out
  • home to the battle of Tannenberg
  • defended 2/3 of Germany’s army
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15
Q

First Balkan War (October 1912-May 1912)

A

A battle between the Balkan League and the Ottoman Empire

  • Caused the lost of land within the Ottoman Empire
    (The lost of Macedonia & Albania)
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16
Q

Gallipoli (Feb 19, 1915- Jan 9, 1916)

A

A battle in the Gallipoli Peninsula to weaken the Ottoman Empire and intended to open up a sea lane to Russians through the Black Sea

Wanted to control The Ottoman Straits
- wanted allied ships to pass through Dardanelles and capture Constantinople
- if successful it could have strengthen British in the Middle East

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17
Q

Imperialism

A

A policy to extend a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force

  • Europe imperialism added more tension in the geopolitics that helped with the Great War
    The fight for resources between many mother lands
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18
Q

Industrialized Warfare

A

The reinvention of machinery and increase use of it within warfare
- the Crimean war
(Railroad, telegraphs and the rifle)

19
Q

Jingoism

A

An extreme form of patriotism in aggressive forms

  • expectation of 13+ to join the military for Germany
  • it was left unchecked and helped move into ww2
  • ## (cancel culture)
20
Q

Kaiser Wilhelm II

A

Last German emperor

  • he took away the reinsurance treaty with Russia and therefore caused Russia to become and enemy to Germany and helped caused the fall of the monarchy
21
Q

League of Nations

A

first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace

  • allowed to be brought up because of the win for the allied powers/ the end of ww1
22
Q

Mechanized Warfare

A

The employment of mobile attack and defense tactics that depends machinery

-this caused the change of military tactics
-Cause the wars to last longer than expected
-Huge casualties

23
Q

Militerism

A

The idea to keep a strong military for a country

  • caused tensions when Germany was building a army
    -caused unforeseen casualties between nations (atom bomb)
24
Q

Moroccan Crisis (march 1905- may 1906)

A

Attempt by Germany to split British/France alliance and decrease France influence in Morocco, lead to threat of war. British and French make deal to accept Britain. Ruined his job, and French dominate morocco. In Germany does not like this alliance and calls for international conference

  • Germany wanted to challenge France and Britain
    -this foreshadowed the conflict between the nations
    -making the lines between France and great Britain stronger while pushing Germany out
25
Q

Nationalism

A

A strong feeling of pride And devotion to one’s country, often described as a negative comparison of patronism

  • caused militarism and the Great War
  • caused the assignation of the archduke
26
Q

No Man’s Land and Trench Warfare

A

A stripe of land that protected soldiers from enemy fire

  • cause the Great War to last longer than expected
  • made huge stalemates and losses for both sides
    The tactics of warfare didn’t catch up with the advancements of alterity
27
Q

Otto von Bismarck

A

The first chancellor for Germany

  • he United Germany together making it a global power
    -colonial nations
    -34;00
28
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

Longest lasting dynasty

-Territories divided with the allied powers
-Empire Falls because they were sided with the central powers
- central powers relied on them for resources (once fallen it was bad)

29
Q

The Powder Keg of Europe

A

This is a term that explains the tensions within Europe (Balkan Peninsula)

  • ## when it “exploded” the Great War happen
30
Q

The Race for Africa

A

This is when many global powers were racing to create colonies within the country Africa
- it was for a race of recourses for the war
- created more tensions for controlling land -> the Great War

31
Q

Reparations

A

The repayments of one wrong doing
- causing Germany to pay back all reparations cause ww2
- the signing of the treaty of Versailles

32
Q

Reinsurance Treaty

A

A secret agreement between Germany and Russia The treaty provided that each party would remain neutral if the other became involved in a war with a third great power and that this would not apply if Germany attacked France or if Russia attacked Austria

  • the pulling out caused huge casualties for Germany (set the course for failure)
  • after the canceling of the treaty Russia made alliances with France (Germany’s enemy)
33
Q

Rhineland

A

This is a city-state within Germany

  • Became apart of the allied powers after the treaty of Versailles
  • this was the land that hitler used to test how far France would try and keep the treaty of Versailles
  • was the resources for Germany
  • demilitarized zone (better for west Europe
34
Q

RMS Lusitania

A

A German U-boat torpedoed the British-owned steamship Lusitania, killing 1,195 people including 128 Americans, on May 7, 1915

  • The disaster set off a chain of events that led to the U.S. entering World War I
35
Q

Schlieffen Plan

A

Was the tactic for Germany to defend the western front and then move the army to fight in the eastern front

  • this caused the defeat for Germany
  • this plan became the basis for determining war built and reparations
36
Q

Submarine Warfare

A

This is when countries use submarines as a form of battle tactics

  • this was the outcome when Germany lost at the Falkland island and decided to do submarine warfare
    (Pulled then us got pulled into ww1)
37
Q

Three Emperor’s League

A

To preserve the social order of the conservative powers of Europe and to keep the peace between Austria-Hungary and Russia.

  • Control Eastern Europe and keep them in control
  • ## if they stayed together they could have won the Great War
38
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

A treaty that forced Germany and other Central Powers to take all the blame for World War I and pay reprimands

  • The treaty forced Germany to surrender colonies in Africa, Asia and the Pacific; cede territory to other nations like France and Poland; reduce the size of its military; pay war reparations to the Allied countries; and accept guilt for the war
39
Q

Triple Alliance

A

This was an alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

  • Three Were initially a part of an alliance during World War I, Italy left

-worlds Super powers forced into conflict over assassination of Franz Ferdinand which could have a result between Serbia in Austria hungry

40
Q

Triple Entente

A

Made up of France, Britain, Russia
- this was to take control and protect Europe from the expansion of Germany

41
Q

Verdun

A

A battle against French and Germany

  • it was the bloodiest battle with huge losses
  • Germany considers Frances as one of Britain’s weapons proves to be true add this became a turning point resulting the prevention of advancements from Germany
  • French counter-offensives recaptured much ground on the east bank and recovered Fort Douaumont and Fort Vaux
42
Q

Wilson’s 14 Points

A

statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I

  • general association of nations” that would offer “mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small nations alike
    -European leaders didnt like and went into ww2
  • caused the League of Nations
43
Q

Zimmerman Telegram

A

a coded note sent by Germany’s Foreign Minister, Arthur Zimmermann, in January 1917 with a message for the Mexican government. The note asked the Mexican government to declare war on the United States and promised to help Mexico take back Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico

  • was deciphered by the British and gave it to the us and then us declared war on Germany

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