The Great Crisis of the Protestant Reform

Question 1

Luther is Born, Zwingley is born

Answer 1

1483, 1484

Question 2

Luther comes to Rome

Answer 2

1510

Question 3

Interior crisis of Luther

Answer 3

1513-1516

Question 4

General Situation in Germany

Answer 4

church needs reform: benefices = bad, money hungry system, sale of indulgences for St. Peter’s basilica

Question 5

1517

Answer 5

The 95 Theses

Question 6

Alberto di Brandeburgo

Answer 6

preached the indulgence in aggressive manner

Question 7

three factors leading to 95 theses

Answer 7

Personal crisis of Luther (couldn’t feel forgiven), his great writing/teaching/rheteroical skills, decadent socio-religious situation of Germany

Question 8

3 works written by Luther

Answer 8

Alla Nobilta…(National Church) …De captivitate Babylonia Ecclesiae Praeludium…(Consubstantiantion, no sacrifice in the Mass)..De libertate christiana

Question 9

Zwingley’s position on Eucharist

Answer 9

more rationalist, no real presence

Question 10

Edict of Worms

Answer 10

by Carlo V, condemns Luther

Question 11

Pope Leo X

Answer 11

Exsugere Domine, scomminca Lutero

Question 12

Guerra della Contadini

Answer 12

against Luther, they killed nobles…Luther invites nobles to fight back violently

Question 13

“Sommo episcopato dei principi”

Answer 13

Luther’s phrase for the new prince-episcopate–WON him much esteem amongst elite!

Question 14

Denmark/Norway King

Answer 14

Christian III - implements Lutheranism

Question 15

Confessio Augustana - 1530

Answer 15

solidifies Lutheranism

Question 16

Peace of Augusta - 1555

Answer 16

il cuius regio et religio, reservatum ecclesiasticum

Question 17

John Knox

Answer 17

1560 - Scotland

Question 18

War of Holland

Answer 18

1566 - Dutch Calvinists vs Spanish

Question 19

reservatum ecclesiasticum

Answer 19

The reservatum ecclesiasticum was a measure inserted into the Peace of Augsburg of 1555 to balance the principal proviso of cuius regio, eius religio in ecclesiastical lands. In the hereditary dynastic lands, such as those governed by a prince or a duke, the principle of cuius regio, eius religio (Latin: whose land, his religion) provided that the religion of the people would be the same as that of the territorial ruler.

If this same principle were applied in ecclesiastical lands, such as those ruled by a Prince-Bishop or an Abbot, the conversion of an incumbent to Lutheranism would convert the entire principality to Protestantism. The reservatum ecclesiasticum was inserted to prevent this: in the event that the prince converted to Lutheranism, the ruler would forfeit his seat and be replaced by a Catholic.