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gods and Heroes > The gods > Flashcards

The gods Flashcards

1
Q

Mycenaean Greece

A
  • Bronze Age (3000 to 1200 BC)
  • Linear B
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2
Q

Archaic Greece

A
  • (750 to 480 BC)
  • Greek Alphabet
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3
Q

Peisistratus

A

Tyrant ( not necessarily a bad person
- took power by force

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4
Q

Macedonia

A

Phillip of Macedon ( king; 359-336 BC)
Alexander the Great ( 336 - 323 BC)

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5
Q

Macedon

A

Hellenistic Period
- 323 to 3 BC

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6
Q

Son of Philip

A

Pella ( ancient city)
- saw themselves as Greek but the Greek did not

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7
Q

Rome

A

Foundation (753 BC)
Republic (510 to 27 BC)
Empire (27 BC to ?)

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8
Q

Sack ( ransacked)

A

Rome was sacked 3 times
- 410 BC
- 445 BC
- 476 BC

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9
Q

Theogony

A

Birth of the gods
- (Hesiod - 8th BC poet)

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10
Q

Muses ( Heliconian)

A

daughters of Zeus
- danced for Cronion

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11
Q

Cronion

A

Father of Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades
- Castrated by Zeus after influenced by his mother

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12
Q

Where were the gods born?

A

Akragas, Sicily
- the temple of Zeus
5th BC

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13
Q

Zeus (sky god)

A

king of the gods and men
-7 wives
- children ( Persephone, muses, Apollo, Artemis, Herbs, Ares, and Hephaestus
- cloud gather or loud thunderer

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14
Q

Epithet

A

describes a god

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15
Q

Who made Zeus’s lightning bolt

A

cyclopes

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16
Q

What are the limits on Zeus’s power?

A

fate, not omnipotent or omnipresent

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17
Q

Leda and the Swan

A

Queen of Sparta
- Zeus sleep with her the same night as her husband (King Tyndareus of Sparta)
- two eggs with two sets of kids

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18
Q

What animal did Zeus turn into for Leda’s story?

A

Swan

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19
Q

Leda’s kids and by who?

A

Castor and Pollux - Zeus
Helen and Clytemnestra - Tyndareus

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20
Q

Europa and the Bull

A

Daughter of Agenor
- from Tyre, Phoenicia
- went to Crete

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21
Q

What animal did Zeus turn into for Europa’s story?

A

Bull

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22
Q

Hera ( Zeus’s wife)

A

white-armed ( cow-eyed)
- the goddess of marriage and childbirth
Children: Ares, Eileithyia, Hebe, and sometimes Hephaestus
- crown, staff, peacock

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23
Q

What animal did Zeus turn into for Hera’s story?

A

Cuckoo bird
- Zeus summons a storm

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24
Q

Hieros gamos

A

marriage

25
Q

Io ( nymph)

A
  • turned into a cow by Zeus after he slept with her
  • Hera took her to and had Argos watch her
  • gadfly ( Hera sent a big fly to bite io, until Zeus turned her back; she wondered in Egypt)
26
Q

Poseidon ( earthshaker)

A

the god of the sea, horses, and earthquakes
- competition for Athens with Athena; she won ( olive tree verse salt spring)

27
Q

Amphitrite (Poseidon’s wife)

A

did not want to marry Poseidon
- went to see Atlas
- Poseidon sent a dolphin to convince her
Triton
- ocean nymph

28
Q

Hades ( the god of underworld)

A
  • Pluto ( wealth )
    unseen one
  • scepter and Cerberus
29
Q

Persephone

A
  • hades wife
    daughter of Demeter
    kidnapped by Hades when she was with the nymph
30
Q

Apollo ( the god of prophecy)
- youthful

A

far-darter, Pythian, Phoebus
- not in linear B
lyre, bow, arrow and laurel crown

31
Q

Leto ( lover of Zeus)

A

Apollo’s mother
- could not give birth for 9 day because of Hera
- Delos ( place of birth( Apollo)- slave market)

32
Q

Prophecy (Delphi)

A
  • where Apollo’s oracle is
33
Q

Marsyas (competition- lyre vs. flute)

A

Satyr
skinned him
judges - Midas, muses and other

34
Q

Daphne (river nymph)

A

runs from Apollo
- prays to Gaia
- turns into laurel tree

35
Q

Hephaestus ( lame god)

A

Blacksmiths ( craftsmen, smiths, and fire)
- disabled from Hera or Zeus
- Lemnos - volcano)
married to Aphrodite - she did not want to
hammer,tongs

36
Q

Ares ( warlike)

A

the god of war
- slayer of men
- helmet, spear
sleeping with Aphrodite but Hephaestus caught them under a net in bed - to show the gods ( position told him to let them go)

37
Q

Ares + Aphrodite children

A

Deimos ( fear)
Phobos ( panic)
Harmonia ( harmony)
Eros ( love)

38
Q

Aphrodite ( love + beauty)

A
  • Cyprus
    daughter of Uranus
    dove, shell, apple, mirror
39
Q

who is the son of Pygmalion ( king of Cyprus + Galatea)

A

Cinyras ( had Adonis)
- Myrrha ( his daughter) fell in love with hi, because of Aphrodite, and they had sex and he tried to kill her, she turned into a tree)

40
Q

Adonis

A

raised by Persephone
Aphrodite meet him and fell in love but he is killed by a boar ( Ares)

41
Q

Hermaphroditus

A

son of Hermes and Aphrodite
- Salmacis ( nymph)

42
Q

Hermes ( messenger of the gods)
- son of zeus and maia

A

travels, shepherds, thieves, and merchants
- travel hat, winged boots, caduceus, and a cloak
youthful

43
Q

Psychopomp

A

brings souls to the underworld

44
Q

Priapus (eastern god)

A

child of Aphrodite and dionysus or Herems
- fertility god

45
Q

Apotropaic

A

has a giant penis as a curse for Zeus

46
Q

Athena( goddess of crafts and arts)

A

owl( Gray eyed, Pallas, polias)
- shield, helmet, spear, and aegis
west pediment ( compention)
east pediment ( Athena birth)

47
Q

Who is Athena’s parents?

A

Zeus and Metis
- Zeus ate Metis and gave birth from his head
- Athena could not rule the heavens

48
Q

Arachne

A

competition with Athena ( tapestry weaving )
- in Asia Minor
turned into a spider

49
Q

Artemis ( goddess of the hunter and beast)

A

bow, quiver and crescent moon
- often seen with two deer
Orion ( son of Posedion, Oenopion- king of Chios)

50
Q

Dionysus (easterner)

A

Thyrsus, Ivy crown, drinking cup,
and leopard kin
fertility detiy

51
Q

who were Dionysus parents?

A

Semele and Zeus

52
Q

Who were Dionysus followers?

A

Bacchus and bacchantes
(Maenads - another name for females) and satyrs

53
Q

who is Dionysus wife?

A

Ariane

54
Q

Lycurgus

A

king of Thrace ( not Greece)
- scared Dionysus and his followers and is blinded by Zeus
- cut down his son as he thought he was a grapevine

55
Q

Ambrosia

A

Follower or nymph
- transformed into the grapevine and chocked ( Lycurgus)

56
Q

Furies

A

Made from the castration of Uranus
- made Dionysus go made

57
Q

Pentheus

A

agave, auotone and Ino ( sister of Semele)
- punished because they did not believe in semele

58
Q

Cadmus and Teiresias

A

Dionysus uncles
- old and prophet

59
Q

King of Pentheus of Thebes

A

son of agave
- does not believe in Dionysus
- watch women of Pentheus - disguised as women but found out and ripped apart - his family was exiled

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