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The gods Flashcards

1
Q

Mycenaean Greece

A
  • Bronze Age (3000 to 1200 BC)
  • Linear B
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2
Q

Archaic Greece

A
  • (750 to 480 BC)
  • Greek Alphabet
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3
Q

Peisistratus

A

Tyrant ( not necessarily a bad person
- took power by force

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4
Q

Macedonia

A

Phillip of Macedon ( king; 359-336 BC)
Alexander the Great ( 336 - 323 BC)

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5
Q

Macedon

A

Hellenistic Period
- 323 to 3 BC

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6
Q

Son of Philip

A

Pella ( ancient city)
- saw themselves as Greek but the Greek did not

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7
Q

Rome

A

Foundation (753 BC)
Republic (510 to 27 BC)
Empire (27 BC to ?)

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8
Q

Sack ( ransacked)

A

Rome was sacked 3 times
- 410 BC
- 445 BC
- 476 BC

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9
Q

Theogony

A

Birth of the gods
- (Hesiod - 8th BC poet)

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10
Q

Muses ( Heliconian)

A

daughters of Zeus
- danced for Cronion

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11
Q

Cronion

A

Father of Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades
- Castrated by Zeus after influenced by his mother

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12
Q

Where were the gods born?

A

Akragas, Sicily
- the temple of Zeus
5th BC

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13
Q

Zeus (sky god)

A

king of the gods and men
-7 wives
- children ( Persephone, muses, Apollo, Artemis, Herbs, Ares, and Hephaestus
- cloud gather or loud thunderer

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14
Q

Epithet

A

describes a god

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15
Q

Who made Zeus’s lightning bolt

A

cyclopes

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16
Q

What are the limits on Zeus’s power?

A

fate, not omnipotent or omnipresent

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17
Q

Leda and the Swan

A

Queen of Sparta
- Zeus sleep with her the same night as her husband (King Tyndareus of Sparta)
- two eggs with two sets of kids

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18
Q

What animal did Zeus turn into for Leda’s story?

A

Swan

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19
Q

Leda’s kids and by who?

A

Castor and Pollux - Zeus
Helen and Clytemnestra - Tyndareus

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20
Q

Europa and the Bull

A

Daughter of Agenor
- from Tyre, Phoenicia
- went to Crete

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21
Q

What animal did Zeus turn into for Europa’s story?

A

Bull

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22
Q

Hera ( Zeus’s wife)

A

white-armed ( cow-eyed)
- the goddess of marriage and childbirth
Children: Ares, Eileithyia, Hebe, and sometimes Hephaestus
- crown, staff, peacock

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23
Q

What animal did Zeus turn into for Hera’s story?

A

Cuckoo bird
- Zeus summons a storm

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24
Q

Hieros gamos

25
Io ( nymph)
- turned into a cow by Zeus after he slept with her - Hera took her to and had Argos watch her - gadfly ( Hera sent a big fly to bite io, until Zeus turned her back; she wondered in Egypt)
26
Poseidon ( earthshaker)
the god of the sea, horses, and earthquakes - competition for Athens with Athena; she won ( olive tree verse salt spring)
27
Amphitrite (Poseidon's wife)
did not want to marry Poseidon - went to see Atlas - Poseidon sent a dolphin to convince her Triton - ocean nymph
28
Hades ( the god of underworld)
- Pluto ( wealth ) unseen one - scepter and Cerberus
29
Persephone
- hades wife daughter of Demeter kidnapped by Hades when she was with the nymph
30
Apollo ( the god of prophecy) - youthful
far-darter, Pythian, Phoebus - not in linear B lyre, bow, arrow and laurel crown
31
Leto ( lover of Zeus)
Apollo's mother - could not give birth for 9 day because of Hera - Delos ( place of birth( Apollo)- slave market)
32
Prophecy (Delphi)
- where Apollo's oracle is
33
Marsyas (competition- lyre vs. flute)
Satyr skinned him judges - Midas, muses and other
34
Daphne (river nymph)
runs from Apollo - prays to Gaia - turns into laurel tree
35
Hephaestus ( lame god)
Blacksmiths ( craftsmen, smiths, and fire) - disabled from Hera or Zeus - Lemnos - volcano) married to Aphrodite - she did not want to hammer,tongs
36
Ares ( warlike)
the god of war - slayer of men - helmet, spear sleeping with Aphrodite but Hephaestus caught them under a net in bed - to show the gods ( position told him to let them go)
37
Ares + Aphrodite children
Deimos ( fear) Phobos ( panic) Harmonia ( harmony) Eros ( love)
38
Aphrodite ( love + beauty)
- Cyprus daughter of Uranus dove, shell, apple, mirror
39
who is the son of Pygmalion ( king of Cyprus + Galatea)
Cinyras ( had Adonis) - Myrrha ( his daughter) fell in love with hi, because of Aphrodite, and they had sex and he tried to kill her, she turned into a tree)
40
Adonis
raised by Persephone Aphrodite meet him and fell in love but he is killed by a boar ( Ares)
41
Hermaphroditus
son of Hermes and Aphrodite - Salmacis ( nymph)
42
Hermes ( messenger of the gods) - son of zeus and maia
travels, shepherds, thieves, and merchants - travel hat, winged boots, caduceus, and a cloak youthful
43
Psychopomp
brings souls to the underworld
44
Priapus (eastern god)
child of Aphrodite and dionysus or Herems - fertility god
45
Apotropaic
has a giant penis as a curse for Zeus
46
Athena( goddess of crafts and arts)
owl( Gray eyed, Pallas, polias) - shield, helmet, spear, and aegis west pediment ( compention) east pediment ( Athena birth)
47
Who is Athena's parents?
Zeus and Metis - Zeus ate Metis and gave birth from his head - Athena could not rule the heavens
48
Arachne
competition with Athena ( tapestry weaving ) - in Asia Minor turned into a spider
49
Artemis ( goddess of the hunter and beast)
bow, quiver and crescent moon - often seen with two deer Orion ( son of Posedion, Oenopion- king of Chios)
50
Dionysus (easterner)
Thyrsus, Ivy crown, drinking cup, and leopard kin fertility detiy
51
who were Dionysus parents?
Semele and Zeus
52
Who were Dionysus followers?
Bacchus and bacchantes (Maenads - another name for females) and satyrs
53
who is Dionysus wife?
Ariane
54
Lycurgus
king of Thrace ( not Greece) - scared Dionysus and his followers and is blinded by Zeus - cut down his son as he thought he was a grapevine
55
Ambrosia
Follower or nymph - transformed into the grapevine and chocked ( Lycurgus)
56
Furies
Made from the castration of Uranus - made Dionysus go made
57
Pentheus
agave, auotone and Ino ( sister of Semele) - punished because they did not believe in semele
58
Cadmus and Teiresias
Dionysus uncles - old and prophet
59
King of Pentheus of Thebes
son of agave - does not believe in Dionysus - watch women of Pentheus - disguised as women but found out and ripped apart - his family was exiled

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