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Environmental Science > The Global Energy System > Flashcards

The Global Energy System Flashcards

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1
Q

Electromagnetic Radiation

A

Radiant energy in the form of electromagnetic waves. It is emitted at the speed of light by all objects with a temperature above absolute zero (-273° C)
Eg.) Light bulbs, walls, floors, desks… any object with a temperature greater than absolute zero

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2
Q

Wavelength

A

Is the distance from one wave crest to the next

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3
Q

Wavelength Frequency

A

Is the number of waves that pass a point per unit of time

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4
Q

Short wavelengths mean…

A

High frequency

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5
Q

Short wavelengths are associated with…

A

A great deal of energy associated with solar energy

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6
Q

Long wavelengths are associated with…

A

Less energy

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7
Q

What two principles govern the emission of electromagnetic radiation?

A
  • Stefan-Boltzmann Law

- Wien’s Law

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8
Q

Stefan-Boltzmann Law

A

Hot objects radiate more energy (at all wavelengths) than cooler objects

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9
Q

Wien’s Law

A

The hotter the object, the shorter the wavelength of peak radiation

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10
Q

The energy emitted by the sun is…

A

Shortwave radiation

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11
Q

What type of radiation is emitted by the earth?

A

Longwave radiation

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12
Q

Solar Insolation

A

Is the flow of solar energy intercepted by the earths surface and atmosphere

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13
Q

What determines the insolation on any given day?

A
  • Angle of incidence (controlled by latitude and time of year)
  • The length of exposure or length of day (controlled by latitude and time of year)
  • The cloud cover and atmospheric composition (highly variable in time and space)
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14
Q

Scattering

A

The redirection of electromagnetic radiation, by gas molecules and particles

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15
Q

Albedo

A

Is the percent of shortwave radiative energy or insolation that is reflected by a surface

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16
Q

Absorption

A

Is the assimilation of radiation by molecules of matter and its conversion from one form on energy to another (Eg.) Heat energy or chemical energy

17
Q

Absorption increases the temperature of…

A

A surface

18
Q

What absorbs insolation?

A
  • Land
  • Water
  • Atmospheric gases,
  • Dust
  • Clouds
  • Stratospheric ozone
19
Q

Methods of heat transfer:

A

Radiative
Non-Radiative
Latent Heat

20
Q

Radiative heat transfer

A

When warmer surfaces emit more energy, and then that energy is emitted in shorter wavelengths

21
Q

Non-Radiative heat

A

(physical motion)

  • Conduction (molecule to molecule contact)
  • Convection (vertical mixing of fluids)
22
Q

Latent Heat

A

Energy absorbed or released during a phase change like evaporation

Environmental Science (12 decks)

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