The Glenohumeral Joint Flashcards
what is the function of the glenohumeral joint
where is the glenohumeral joint found
what components make up the glenohumeral?
name and label the main features of the humerus
- posterior
- anterior
what bursae are present in the GHJ and where are they located
what type of joint is the GHJ
A synovial joint - is joined by a joint capsule that encloses the articular cavity.
- contains synovial fluid and membrane
- has a labrum
- has ligaments and bursae
- rotator cuff muscles allow movement
- tendon passes through
- allows lubrication, cushioning and movement
What is the purpose of the glenoid labrum?
what movement does the GHJ allow
- F and E
- Ab and Ad
- C and M & L rotation
This type of joint allows for multiaxial movement. What is the disadvantage of this
increased mobility = decreased stability
- ligaments and RC muscles provide stability to an extent
what is scapulohumeral rhythm
simultaneous movement of the GHJ and the PG
- movement ratio of 1:2
- 60 degrees of movement from PG = 120 degrees of movement from GHJ
- damaged joints or fractures reduces movement = frozen shoulder
- eg brushing teeth
What are the components of the arm
- found between the GHJ and the elbow joint (EJ)
- the humerus is the bone in the arm
- a passage for nerves and arteries
what movements does the arm produce
specifically allows movement of the elbow, radius and ulna joint, not including GHJ
- F and E allows refined and direct hand placement
name three arm related terminology
- brachium: extends from GHJ to EJ
- cubital: anterior region of the elbow joint
- cubital fossa - a triangular region in the cubital, used to take pule, BP testing, blood donation
name key features of the posterior arm
- radial groove
- shaft
- deltoid
- supracondylar ridges
- epicondyles
- olecranon fossa
- olecranon process
- radial head
what is a condyle
a large prominence at the end of a bone
- provides support to overlying hyaline cartilage
super = above condyle
epi = near by
what are the components of the anterior arm and EJ
anterior arm
- greater tubercle (teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus insertion point)
- lesser tubercle (subscapularis insertion point)
- intertubercular groove
- intertubercular sulcus
- deltoid tuberosity
- medial and lateral lips
- anatomical and surgical neck
- superior facet on greater tubercule (supraspinatus insertion)
- head
EJ
- capitulum
- trochlea
- radial head
- coronoid process
- ulnar tuberosity
- radial tuberosity
what are the joint complexes in the EJ
proximal radioulnar (between ulnar and radius)
humeroradial (between radial and capitulum)
humeroulnar (between the ulnar and trochlea)
What ligaments are found in the EJ? What is their role?
medial collateral ligament - supports the humeroulnar joint
lateral collateral ligament - supports humeroradial joint
annular ligament - supports radioulnar joint, allows radius to spin on ulnar
name the four main rotator cuff muscles
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- subscapularis
- teres minor
Origin and Insertion (O&I) of supraspinatus and the
associated movement
origin: supraspinatus fossa
insertion: greater tubercle
movement: initiates 15 degrees of abduction movement in the GHJ
O&I of the infraspinatus and associated movement
Origin: infraspinous fossa
insertion: greater tubercle, below supraspinatus insertion
movement: lateral rotation of GHJ
O&I for teres minor and associated movement
origin: lateral border of the scapula
insertion: greater tubercle, below infraspinatus insertion point
movement: assist in lateral rotation of GHJ
O&I of subscapularis and associated movement
origin: subscapular fossa
insertion: lesser tuberosity
movement: abduction and adduction of GHJ
centralises the head of the humerus if glenoid fossa (GF)
what do the rotator cuff muscles do
muscles work together to stabilise the shoulder joint and allow wide range of movement (multiaxial)
