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Cartography > The Geographic and Cartographic Framework > Flashcards

The Geographic and Cartographic Framework Flashcards

1
Q

4 Limitations of Maps

A

Abstraction & generalization
Scale
Projection
Spatial relationships

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2
Q

Scale Ratio

A

Map size to real-world size
Representative fraction

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3
Q

Verbal Scale

A

Words - 1 inch to 16 miles

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4
Q

Graphic Scale

A

Scale bar
Should not be more precise than the map
Works better for print than other scales

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5
Q

Large scale

A

shows less area, greater detail

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6
Q

Small scale

A

shows larger area, less detail
larger denominator in the ratio

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7
Q

Data Compilation: 2 types of data

A

Base data
Thematic/primary data

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8
Q

Internal Base Data

A

Geographic info of the mapped area itself
Often called the “base map”
Administrative boundaries, place names, water bodies, transportation routes, etc

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9
Q

External Base Data

A

Data with an explanatory function
Title, legend, scale, North arrow, grid, text

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10
Q

Sources of primary/thematic data

A

Field studies
Imagery/air photos
Stats
Published maps
Data portals
Interviews

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11
Q

How many themes should be illustrated on a map

A

one (1)

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12
Q

Generalization

A

Reduction of detail to enhance the point of your map through the selection, simplification, and symbolization process

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13
Q

Selection

A

Part of generalization.
Choosing categories of data to be presented
Choosing the amount of information

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14
Q

Simplification

A

Part of generalization.
Smoothing, grouping, classification, exaggeration, displacement

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15
Q

What to display on the map: Tables/Numbers or Spatial Distribution

A

Spatial distributions shown with symbols are more visually effective than just numbers

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16
Q

Phenomena

A

Features and attributes of the real world being mapped

17
Q

Data

A

facts gathered by measuring, counting, calculating, or derivation
Portrayed on maps

18
Q

What do maps display? Phenomena or Data

A

Data (spatial data)

19
Q

Matching Data and Symbols: Levels of Measurment (classifications)

A
  1. Nominal - qualitative, lowest level of info
  2. Ordinal - order/rank, qualitative
  3. Interval or Ratio - quantitative
20
Q

Jacques Bertin’s 4 levels of visual variables

A

Selective
Associative
Ordered
Quantitative

21
Q

Bertin’s Visual Variables: Selective

A

Allows us to immediately isolate a group of signs based on a change in the variable
Everything except size

22
Q

Jacques Bertin: Visual variables (not levels)

A

Position
Size
Shape
Value
Hue
Orientation
Texture

23
Q

Bertin’s Visual Variables: Associtative

A

Allows grouping across changes in the variable
Shape especially
Position and Hue
Sometimes Orientation
Size = Dissociative

24
Q

Berin’s Visual Variables:
Ordered

A

Variables have an immediate recognizable sequence
Position, size, value
Sometimes Texture

25
Q

Bertin’s Visual Variables: Quantitative

A

Allows an estimation of the actual numerical difference between symbols
Size
Estimation, not percise
*Differences in magnitude are NOT immediatley perceptible with out looking at a legend

26
Q

Patterns as a visual variable

A

Manipulating shape or orientation creates patterns
Controlled by arrangement and texture

27
Q

Redundant Symbolization

A

Combining visual variables to provide redundancy within a symbol
More common in bivariate mapping

28
Q

Visual Variables for Data Uncertainty

A

Transparency
Crispness
Resolution
(good for transitional areas too)

29
Q

3 general types of symbols (not point/line/area)

A

Pictorial
Associative
Abstract

30
Q

3 Types of Cartographic Errors

A

Source Errors
Processing Errors
Cartographic Design Errors

31
Q

Cartographic Errors: Source Error

A

Found in data collection
Scale, projection, accuracy

32
Q

Cartographic Errors: Processing Error

A

Results from the cartographic transformation of data
Rounding, interpolation, classification

33
Q

Cartographic Errors: Cartographic Design Errors

A

Wrong thematic types
symbolization, use of color, generalization

Cartography (6 decks)

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