The Genetics of Sex

Question 1

ultimately serve as the underlying basis of sex determination (present in both sex chromosome and autosome)

Answer 1

Gene

Question 2

Mirror

Answer 2

Female

Question 3

Spear and Shield

Answer 3

Male

Question 4

Depends on efficient union if gametes for sexual differentiation

Answer 4

Successful Fertilization

Question 5

In Eukaryotes, it is the ONLY NATURAL MECHANISM for producing new members of species

Answer 5

Sexual Reproduction

Question 6

In year 1891, he mentioned about nuclear structure in the sperm of certain insects pertains to X-BODY

Answer 6

Hermann Henking

Question 7

In year 1891, he mentioned about sperm in grasshoppers have an unusual genetic structure which is mistakenly associated as male progeny

Answer 7

Clarence McClung

Question 8

In 1906, he mentioned about female (XX) somatic cells in the butterfly Protenor which has 14 chromosomes

Add info:
> Oogenesis → reduction occurred → gametes w/ 7 chr + 1 X chr
> Spermatogenesis
○ Gametes w/ 6 chr w/out X chr
○ Gametes w/ 7 chr, one of which is X

Answer 8

Edmund B.Wilson

Question 9

Sex determination where the heterogametic sex (male is XO), it produces _____ chromosome

Answer 9

gametes with or without X

Question 10

produce unlike gametes (heterogametic sex)
○ gametes ultimately determine the sex of the progeny

Answer 10

Male

Question 11

Sex determination where the heterogametic sex (male is XY), it produces _____ chromosome

Answer 11

gametes either an X or a Y

Question 12

has like sex chromosomes (homogametic sex)
○ uniform gametes with regard to chromosome numbers and types

Answer 12

Female

Question 13

> tall, long arms and legs
Genitalia and internal ducts that are male
testes are reduced in size (50% affected produce sperm)
low sperm count renders most individuals sterile.

Answer 13

Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY)

Question 14

> Feminine sexual development is not entirely suppressed
Gynecomastia is common, and the hips are often rounded.
Show no cognitive reduction
Individuals are unaware of having the disorder
not until they are treated for INFERTILITY

Answer 14

Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY)

Question 18

> has female external genitalia and internal
ducts, but the ovaries are rudimentary.

● Other characteristic abnormalities:
○ short stature (usually under 5 feet)
○ skin flaps on the back of the neck
○ underdeveloped breasts
○ A broad, shieldlike chest
○ Intelligence is usually normal

Answer 18

Turner Syndrome (XO)

Question 18

> triplo-X, occurs in about 1 of 1000 female births.
Perfectly normal
○ Unaware of their abnormality in chromosome number
unless a karyotype is done.
underdeveloped secondary sex
characteristics, sterility, delayed development of language and motor skills, and intellectual disability may occur.
presence of additional X chromosomes (disrupt the delicate balance of genetic
information essential to normal female
development)

Answer 18

47,XXX Syndrome

Question 19

> 9 of 315 males in a Scottish maximum security prison had the 47,XYY karyotype.
These males were significantly above average in height and had been incarcerated as a result of dangerous, violent, or criminal propensities.
Of the 9 males studied, 7 had subnormal
intelligence, and all suffered personality disorders
Above-average height (usually over 6 feet)
subnormal intelligence were substantiated,
Another study proved many XYY males present in the population who do not exhibit antisocial behavior and who lead normal lives.
○ there is a high, but not constant, correlation between the extra Y chromosome and the predisposition of these males to exhibit behavioral problems

Answer 19

47,XYY Condition

Question 20

Physical features:
○ include increased belly fat
○ a large head (macrocephaly)
○ unusually large teeth (macrodontia)
○ flat feet (pes planus)
○ fifth fingers that curve inward (clinodactyly)
○ widely spaced eyes (ocular hypertelorism),
○ abnormal side-to-side curvature of the spine
(scoliosis)

Answer 20

47,XYY Condition

Question 21

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