Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology: Genetic information and diversity > The Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

The Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a gene?

A

A sequence of DNA bases that code for a polypeptide or functional RNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an allele?

A

A different version of a gene.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a locus?

A

The fixed position of alleles that code for the same phenotype on a chromosome.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a codon?

A

a sequence of three bases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are introns?

A

Sections of the DNA that don’t code for amino acids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are exons?

A

Sections of the DNA that do code for amino acids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are stop codons?

A

Base triplets that tell the cell to stop producing a protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the genome?

A

The complete set of genes in a cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the proteome?

A

The complete set of proteins a cell can produce.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are homologous chromosomes?

A

Chromosomes that have the same genes and are the same size. They can have different alleles for those genes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the genetic code?

A

The sequence of base triplets that code for specific amino acids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is the genetic code described as being non-overlapping?

A

Base triplets don’t share their bases with other bases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is the genetic code described as being degenerate?

A

More than one base triplet can code for the same amino acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why is the genetic code described as being universal?

A

A base triplet will code for the same amino acid across many different organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is transcription?

A

The DNA is copied to make a mRNA molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is translation?

A

The making of a protein.

17
Q

What is the structure of mRNA?

A

A single polynucleotide chain that contains codons that code for amino amino acids.

18
Q

What is the structure of tRNA?

A

A single polynucleotide chain folded into a clover-like shape. It contains an amino acid binding site and an anticodon that is complementary to a codon on the mRNA.

19
Q

What happens during transcription?

A
20
Q

How is pre-mRNA modified before it can be used to make proteins?

A

It is spliced and the introns are removed leaving only the exons which code for amino acids.

21
Q

What happens during translation?

A

Biology: Genetic information and diversity (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions