the genetic code

Question 1

the nature of DNA

Answer 1

• double stranded
• made of deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups
• linked by phosphodiester bonds between phosphates
• nitrogenous bases are connected by hydrogen bonds through the antiparallel running strands
• coding and noncoding strand
• at= 2 hb
• gc= 3hb

Question 2

how does dna work

Answer 2

works by controlling the sequence if amin acids in a proteins primary structure

Question 3

what is the genetic code

Answer 3

the way that dna codes for specific amino acids in specific loci in a primary structure to make proteins

Question 4

what is the coding strand

Answer 4

the exon

Question 5

whats the noncoding strand made of

Answer 5

intron

Question 6

characteristics of the genetic code

Answer 6

1. degenerative code
2. nonoverlapping code
3. universal code

Question 7

describe degenerative code meaning

Answer 7

• there is more than 1 sequence that can code for the same amino acid
• the difference between some is the third aa
• some triplet sequences dont code for amino acids they code for start or stop markers to tell the enzymes when to start and stop transcripting

Question 8

describe the universal code meaning

Answer 8

the dna, amino acid, base sequence and genetic code is read the same no matter what the organism is

Question 9

what does nonoverlapping do for the genetic code

Answer 9

makes sure the sequence is only read once
shows a linear sequence structure to the genetic code

Question 10

what does DNA do during protein sysnthesis

Answer 10

DNA doesnt act directly during protein sysnthesis- its made into shorted single stranded sections of MRNA for ease

Question 11

why use MRNA for protein synthesis instead of DNA

Answer 11

1. MRNA is shorter- DNA is too long to travel out of the nucleolus to a ribosome
2. DNA staying in the nucleus offers protection against biochemical damage (that DNA cannot recover from)
3. DNA can code for MRNA proteins and synthesise multiple simultaniously (quicker formation time)