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Music History and Theory > The Fundementals > Flashcards

The Fundementals Flashcards

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1
Q

Rhythm

A

gathering or arrangement of successive tones according to their relative accentuation and duration

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2
Q

Meter

A

the regularity of accents or beats in given units of time (measures/bars)

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3
Q

Simple Meter

A

duple, triple, and quadruple meters (2/4, 3/4 4/4)

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4
Q

Compound Meter

A

6/8, 9/8, 12/8, 6/4, 12/16, etc…

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5
Q

Combination Meter

A

a meter in which multiple simple meters are added together (5/4, 7/8, etc…)

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6
Q

Polymetric Meter

A

the simultaneous use of more than one meter in a composition; see Fascinating Rhythm by George Gershwin

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7
Q

Multimetric Meter

A

the intentional disturbing of the regularity of the forward flow of the music by frequent changes of meter, often within a short span of measures; see Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun by Debussy

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8
Q

Nonmetric Meter

A

the lack of a meter signature without a regularly recurring accent; draws its rhythm from the prose rhythm of the text to which it is set; see Gregorian chants

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9
Q

Rhythmic Patterns

A

the duration of tones, note value, and displaced accents

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10
Q

Syncopation

A

the use of a strong accent in an unexpected place within the measure; see mm248-79 of Symphony No. 3 by Beethoven

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11
Q

Tempo

A

the rate or speed in time of the musical composition

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12
Q

The Metronome

A

invented by Johann Mälzel in 1816

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13
Q

Melody

A

a succession of tones related to one another and to the whole in such a way as to express a satisfying and coherent musical idea or entity

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14
Q

Tune/Air

A

a self contained melody organized in a few simple phrases; church hymns, etc…

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15
Q

Theme/Subjec

A

a melody that is capable of development or manipulation throughout the course of the musical composition

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16
Q

Rising Melodic Line

A

brings a feeling of tension, possibly due to the fact that tones building to a higher range actually require greater physical effort on the part of the performer

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17
Q

Melodic Cadence

A

a line falling into a resting place; implies relaxation

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18
Q

Static Melody

A

a melody that moves horizontally in a line

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19
Q

Counter Melody

A

a second theme that compliments another melody, often a static melody

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20
Q

Diatonic Melody

A

closely allied to the prevailing scale

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21
Q

Chromatic Melody

A

with added accidentals not found in the prevailing scale

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22
Q

Conjunct

A

mostly stepwise

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23
Q

Disjunct

A

mostly by skip

24
Q

Narrow vs. Wide Range

A

implies the range of the melody

25
Q

Short and Terse vs. Long and Flowing

A

implies the length of the melody

26
Q

Mood Painting

A

melodies called upon to through their sound or activity to express mood

27
Q

Text Painting

A

melodies called upon to enhance the word/words in a text

28
Q

Organum

A

a sacred style of music developed in the 9th century A.D.; harmony originated in organum

29
Q

Harmony

A

the vertical element of music

30
Q

Harmonic Interval

A

the association of a pair of simultaneously sounded tones

31
Q

Dissonance

A

the quality of a harmony being harsh and clashing

32
Q

Consonance

A

the quality of a harmony being gentle and blending

33
Q

Key

A

the organization of the tones of the major or minor scale around a center called the tonic

34
Q

Chord

A

an association of three or more tones consisting of a root with superimposed thirds

35
Q

Triad

A

a chord with three tones

36
Q

Seventh Chord

A

a chord with four tones

37
Q

Ninth Chord

A

a chord with 5 tones

38
Q

Tonic Chord

A

I chord

39
Q

Supertonic Chord

A

ii chord

40
Q

Mediant Chord

A

iii chord

41
Q

Subdominant Chord

A

IV chord

42
Q

Dominant Chord

A

V chord

43
Q

Submediant Chord

A

vi

44
Q

Subtonic/Leading Chord

A

vii

45
Q

Modulation

A

the changing of keys involving either a pivot chord or an absolute establishment of the new key

46
Q

Church/Ecclesiastical Modes

A

Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, and Mixolydian modes

47
Q

Authentic Plagal Modes

A

Hypodorian, Hypophrygian, Hyplydian, and Hypomixolydian plagal modes

48
Q

New Modes

A

Ionian and Aeolian modes

49
Q

Polytonal

A

the the quality of a composition having two or more keys combined simultaneously

50
Q

Multitonal

A

the quality of a piece in which the tonal centers are changed so fast that the key feeling is disturbed; Suite provencale by Milhaud and Concerto No. 3 for Piano and Orchestra by Prokofiev

51
Q

Microtonality

A

the quality of a piece in which each half step is divided into quarter steps

52
Q

Twelve-Tone/Serial Technique

A

a technique/system of composition in which every one of the twelve chromatic tones of our scale is given equal importance; Variations for Orchestra, Op. 31 by Arnold Schoenberg, Wozzeck Act II Scene 5 by Alban Berg, and Passacaglia and Gigue movements of Septet of 1953 by Igor Stravinsky

53
Q

Major Scale

A

T-T-S-T-T-T-S up and S-T-T-T-S-T-T down

54
Q

Melodic Minor Scale

A

T-S-T-T-T-T-S up and T-T-S-T-T-S-T down

55
Q

Harmonic Minor Scale

A

T-S-T-T-S-T.5-S up and S-T.5-S-T-T-S-T down

56
Q

Dynamics

A

the volume of sound to be used

57
Q

Tempo

A

the rate of speed at which the music is to be played

Music History and Theory (1 decks)

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