The fundamentals of music

Question 1

Staff

Answer 1

consists of five equally spaced horizontal lines where pitches are placed

Question 2

Clef

Answer 2

a symbol placed at the beginning of a line of music that establishes the letter names of the lines and spaces of the staff.

Question 3

Treble clef

Answer 3

or G clef. The curved line terminates at the second line of the staff, thus designating the letter name of a note on that line as G.

Question 4

Bass clef

Answer 4

or the F clef because it was derived from the letter F. The dots are placed above and below the fourth line of the staff, designating that line as F.

Question 5

Grand staff

Answer 5

Together, the treble and bass staves make up a grand staff. Figure 1.5 shows the point at which both clefs converge. The two Cs are the same pitch: middle C.

Question 6

Ledger lines

Answer 6

Pitches that go beyond the limits of the staff are written by adding ledger lines above or below the staff. Ledger lines, which parallel the staff, accommodate only one note

Question 7

C clef

Answer 7

may be positioned on any line of the staff to designate middle C. This clef is coupled with a set of secondary names that identify each of the possible positions

Question 8

Soprano clef

Answer 8

designates middle C on the first line of the stuff

Question 9

Mezzo Soprano clef

Answer 9

designates middle C on the second line of the stuff

Question 10

Alto clef

Answer 10

designates middle C on the third line of the stuff. It is a C clef that designates the third line of the staff as middle C. It is the standard clef used in music for viola.

Question 11

Tenor clef

Answer 11

designates middle C on the forth line of the stuff. It is a C clef that designates the fourth line of the staff as middle C. The tenor clef is occasionally found in music written for cello, bassoon, or trombone.

Question 12

Baritone clef

Answer 12

designates middle C on the fifth line of the stuff

Question 13

Helmholtz octave identification system

Answer 13

sub-contra, contra, great, small, one-line, two-line, three-line, fur-line, five-line octaves

Question 14

A0, B0

Answer 14

AAA, BBB or sub-contra octave

Question 15

C1…B1

Answer 15

CC…BB - contra octave

Question 16

C2…B2

Answer 16

C…B - great octave

Question 17

C3…B3

Answer 17

c…b - small

Question 18

C4…B4

Answer 18

c^1…b^1 - one-line

Question 19

C5…B5

Answer 19

c^2…b^2 - two-line

Question 20

C6…B6

Answer 20

c^3…b^3 - three-line

Question 21

C7…B7

Answer 21

c^4…b^4 - four-line

Question 22

C8…B8

Answer 22

c^5…b^5 - five-line

Question 23

Accidentals

Answer 23

are symbols that are placed to the left of the noteheads to indicate the raising or lowering of a pitch

Question 24

interval

Answer 24

he relationship between two tones. In Western music, the half step is the smallest interval used. It is the interval between any two adjacent keys—black or white— on the keyboard.

Question 25

Enharmonic equivalents

Answer 25

tones that have the same pitch but different letter names.

Question 26

tie

Answer 26

curved one that connects two adjacent notes of the same pitch into a single sound with a duration equal to the sum of both note values

Question 27

dot (placed to the right of a note head or rest)

Answer 27

lengthens the value of the note by half again its value. A second dot lengthens the dotted note value by half the length of the first dot.
Dots may also be used with rests and affect them in the same way.

Question 28

Rhythm

Answer 28

general term used to describe the motion of music in time. The fundamental unit of rhythm is the pulse or beat.

Question 29

Meter

Answer 29

egular, recurring pattern of strong and weak beats. This recur- ring pattern of durations is identified at the beginning of a composition by a meter signa- ture (time signature).