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Biology > The Fundamental Unit of Life > Flashcards

The Fundamental Unit of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

Person who discovered the cell

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q

‘Cell’ meaning in latin

A

A little room

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3
Q

The year the Cell was discovered

A

1665

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4
Q

How the cell was discovered

A

Robert Hooke was examining a thin slice of cork using his self-designed microscope, in which he saw that the cork resembled the shape of a honeycomb consisting of many compartments.

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5
Q

Fundamental unit of Life

A

The Cell

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6
Q

Unicellular Organisms

A

The organisms made up of a single cell

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7
Q

Multicellular Organisms

A

The organisms are made up of more than one cell that groups together perform different functions

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8
Q

Things all cells contain

A
  1. Plasma Membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Nucleus
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9
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

A semipermeable membrane that separates the interior of a cell from the outside environment.

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10
Q

Plasma membrane is made up of ___.

A

Proteins and Lipids

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11
Q

Why is Plasma Membrane said to be semi permeable?

A

The plasma membrane allows certain substances to enter and leave the cell.

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12
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the movement of molecules through a semipermeable barrier from an area of higher concentration to a an area with lower concentration.

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13
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the process by which solvent molecules pass from a solution of low concentration to a solution of high concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

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14
Q

What are the different types of osmotic solutions?

A
  1. Hypotonic
  2. Isotonic
  3. Hypertonic
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15
Q

What is a hypotonic solution?

A

A hypotonic solution is one that has a higher solute concentration inside the cell than outside.

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16
Q

What is an isotonic solution?

A

An isotonic solution is a solution that has the same concentration of solutes both inside and outside the cell.

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17
Q

What is a hypertonic solution?

A

A hypertonic solution is a solution that has a higher solute concentration outside the cell than inside.

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18
Q

What are the types of osmosis?

A
  1. Endo-osmosis

2. Exo-osmosis

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19
Q

What is endo-osmosis?

A

When a substance is placed in a hypotonic solution, the solvent molecules move inside the cell and the cell becomes turgid or undergoes deplasmolysis. This is known as endosmosis.

20
Q

What is exo-osmosis?

A

When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the solvent molecules move outside the cell and the cell becomes flaccid. This is called exo-osmosis.

21
Q

What is plasmolysis?

A

Plasmolysis is the process in which living plant cells lose water in a hypertonic solution.

22
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Endocytosis is the process by which cells take in substances from outside the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle.

23
Q

What is phagosytosis?

A

Phagocytosis is the process in which cells internalize large particles or cells to collect nutrients from them. This process is also known as eating.

24
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

Pinocytosis is the process in which cells take in substances from the extracellular fluid that it needs to function. Some fluids are water and nutrients.

25
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Exocytosis is the process by which cells move materials from within the cell into the extracellular fluid.

26
Q

What is a cell wall?

A

The cell wall is an added layer of protection given to plant cells.

27
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

The nucleus is a double-membraned organelle that contains the genetic material and other materials required to

27
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

The nucleus is a double-membraned organelle that contains the genetic material and other materials required for cellular processes.

28
Q

What are the fibres that the cell contains?

A

Chromatin Fibres

29
Q

What do chromatin fibres contain?

A

The genetic material

30
Q

What do chromatin structures make?

A

Chromosomes

31
Q

What are chromosomes made of?

A

Genes

32
Q

What do genes determine?

A

Hereditary qualities

33
Q

What are genes made up of?

A

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acids)

34
Q

What kind of structure does DNA have?

A

A double helix

35
Q

Do all cells have a well-defined nucleus?

A

No

36
Q

What cells don’t have a well-defined nucleus?

A

Prokaryotic cells

37
Q

Which cells have a well-defined nucleus?

A

Eukaryotic cells

38
Q

Why does the nucleus have pores?

A

The nuclear membrane has pores to transfer material from inside the nucleus to its outside.

39
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

The cytoplasm is the fluid content inside the plasma membrane.

40
Q

What does the cytoplasm contain?

A

The cytoplasm contains organelles

41
Q

What are cell organelles?

A

Cell organelles are subcellular structures in a cell that has a specific function in the cell.

42
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

The endoplasmic reticulum is a large network of membrane-bound tubes and sheets.

43
Q

What does ER look like?

A

It looks like long tubules or round or oblong bags (vesicles).

44
Q

What are the two types of ER?

A
  1. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

45
Q

Why does RER look rough?

A

Because there are particles called ribosomes attached to the surface.

46
Q

What are ribosomes?`

A

They are the sites of protein manufacture.

Biology (1 decks)

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