The French Revolution & Napoleon Flashcards
Estates
The clergy, nobility, and commoners
1st estate
The clergy - priests/churches
2nd estate
The nobility - nobles
3rd estate
Commoners - everybody else(the working class)
Estates-general
The representative assembly of the three “estates”
Tennis Court Oat
The National Assembly swore not to stop meeting until France had a constitution.
National assembly
Existed from 17 June 1789 to 9 July 1789, was a revolutionary assembly of the Kingdom of France formed by the representatives of the Third Estate (commoners)
The Constitution of 1791
French constitution created by the National Assembly during the French Revolution.
The directory
A five-member committee that governed France from November 1795 to November 1799,
The bastille
Parisian revolutionaries and mutinous troops storm and dismantled the Bastille, a royal fortress and prison that had come to symbolize the tyranny of the Bourbon monarchs, on July 14, 1789.
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Men are born free and remain free and equal in rights.
Reign of Terror
A climactic period of state-sanctioned violence during the French Revolution (1789-99), which saw the public executions and mass killings of thousands of counter-revolutionary ‘suspects’ between September 1793 and July 1794.
Suffrage
Suffrage rights were limited only to property-owning men.
Olympe de Gouge
French social reformer and writer who challenged conventional views on a number of matters, especially the role of women as citizens
Committee of Public Safety
Was created by the National Convention in 1793 with the intent to defend the nation against foreign and domestic enemies, as well as to oversee the new functions of the executive government.
Levee en Masse
The conscription of hundreds of thousands of French people into compulsory military service.
Louis XVI
The last king of France before the fall of the monarchy
Marie Antoinette
Queen of France from 1774 to 1793
“Let them eat cake!”
Maximilien Robespierre
A radical democrat and key figure in the French Revolution of 1789.
Moderate phase
liberal reforms transitioned France from a feudal state to a constitutional monarchy.
Radicaal phase
France was made a republic, abolishing the monarchy and executing the king.
Napoleon
A French military general and statesman.
Congress of Vieanna
The Congress of Vienna was a meeting of European nations that set out a strategy to maintain peace and stability throughout the continent
The Napoleonic Code
The 1804 Napoleonic Code, which influenced civil law codes across the world, replaced the fragmented laws of pre-revolutionary France, recognizing the principles of civil liberty, equality before the law (although not for women in the same sense as for men), and the secular character of the state.
Battle of Waterloo
Fought on 18 June 1815 between Napoleon’s French Army and a coalition led by the Duke of Wellington and Marshal Blücher.
Bourgeoise
Anyone who lived in an urban area
Proletariat
The social class of wage-earners, those members of a society whose only possession of significant economic value is their labour power (their capacity to work).
