The Four D’s

Question 1

What is the ‘Deficit’ view?

Answer 1

This view was developed in the 1970s and stated that traditionally, men’s and women’s language has been represented differently. Men’s as ideal and women’s as deficient.

Question 2

What is the ‘Dominance’ view?

Answer 2

This view developed in the 1980s and stated that the differences between gender are seen as a result of a social power difference. As men are dominant in society, their language use demonstrates more power while women’s language use shows how accustomed they are to holding no power.

Question 3

What is the ‘Difference’ view?

Answer 3

This view was developed in the 1990s, and stated that Men and women have different purposes in conversation and therefore use language differently.

Question 4

What is the ‘Diversity’ view?

Answer 4

This view was developed in the 2000s, and stated that gender is simply one of many aspects of our identity which affect our language. 2 women may have less in common than a man and a woman.

Question 5

Name 2 theorists who believe in the ‘Deficit’ view:

Answer 5

Jesperson (1922), Lakoff (1975).

Question 6

Name 3 theorists who believe in the ‘Dominance’ view:

Answer 6

Dale Spender (1980), Robin Lakoff (1975), Zimmerman and West (1975).

Question 7

Name 4 theorists who believe in the ‘Difference’ view:

Answer 7

Deborah Tannen (1990), John Grey (1992), Janet Holmes, Pamela Fishman

Question 8

Name 3 theorists who believe in the ‘Diversity’ view:

Answer 8

Janet Hyde, Deborah Cameron (2007), Geoff Beattie(1981).