the foundations of change Flashcards
what is the tipping point?
the moment of critical mass, the threshold, and the boiling point
what are the three rules for epidemics?
- The law of the few (20/80)
- Stickiness factor
- Power of context
what is the law of the few? (20/80 rule)
- the types of people who facilitate the spread of information through word of mouth
- Connectors, mavens, salesmen
- 80% of consequences come from 20% of causes
what is the stickiness factor?
Determines retention and comprehension in order for it to stay relevant
what is the power of context?
Small details of an environment or situation that influences people. Humans are sensitive to their environments
what are the seven steps of the inquiry model?
- Question
- Literature review
- Hypothesis
- Research
- Analyze
- Conclude
- Communicate
what are pros and cons of case studies?
Pros - Shows client observation - Influential way to portray something - Makes practical improvements Cons - Researchers may have personal opinions which may affect the results of the study - Difficult to replicate - Sometimes expensive and time-consuming
what are the pros and cons of experiments?
Pros
- Use to determine the best for the population
- Humans preform experiments anyways
- Gain insight into methods of instruction
- Provides for greater transferability rather than anecdotal research
Cons
- Subject to human error
- Personal bias of researcher may influence
- Can produce artificial results
- Human response can be difficult to measure
- Groups may not be comparable
what are the pros and cons of observation?
Pros
- Can be very detailed and provide for future research
- Being a observer takes much practice and is a skill learnt over time
- Rich source of material for research/projects
Cons
- Relies on the observer to decide the difference between important data and non important data, which can result in a incoherent outcome
- Observer bias
what are the pros and cons of sample surveys?
Pros
- Great or gathering qualitative data
- Good for collecting emotional feedback
- More direct than interpreting behaviour/observing
- Cheaper and faster than case studies and experiments
- Effective method and easy to organise
Cons
- Surveys collect sampled data not complete data
poor Survey Design can Lead to Incorrect Conclusions
- Unintentional Biases and Effects Can Impact Accuracy
- Respondent Honestly and Intention can Impact Accuracy
what are the pros and cons of interviews?
Pros
- Provides flexibility to the interviewers
- The interview has a better response rate than mailed questions, and the people who cannot read and write can also answer the questions.
- The interviewer can judge the non-verbal behavior of the respondent.
- The interviewer can control over the order of the question, as in the questionnaire, and can judge the spontaneity of the respondent as well.
Cons
- Errors in the questions can result in unhelpful results
- Lying from the participant could be common depending on the questionnaire
- biased, irrelevant, inadequate or unnecessary probing;
recording errors, or consciously making errors in recording
what is the code of ethics?
code of professional responsibility, discuss difficult issues, include difficult decisions that will often need to be made. Code of ethics is mandatory especially when concerning personal, cultural, and environmental respect, boundaries and limits.
what is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?
qualitative research generates “textual data” (non-numerical). Quantitative research, on the contrary, produces “numerical data” or information that can be converted into numbers.
what is the main focus of anthropology?
anthropologists study human groups and culture, with a focus on understanding what it means to be human. Toward this goal, anthropologists explore aspects of human biology, evolutionary biology, linguistics, cultural studies, history, economics, and other social sciences
what is the main focus of sociology?
Sociology is a social science that focuses on society, human social behaviour, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life.
what is the main focus of psychology?
The four primary goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and change behavior. In many ways, these objectives are similar to the kinds of things you probably do every day as you interact with others.
what is culture?
Most anthropologists would define culture as the shared set of (implicit and explicit) values, ideas, concepts, and rules of behaviour that allow a social group to function and perpetuate itself
what is diffusion?
The spread of one cultural trait from one culture to another due to social contact
what is acculturation?
The process of contact, exposure, and exchange of ideas between different cultures that result in adaption or change to both groups
what is clinical psych?
Seeks to understand, prevent, and alleviate psychologically-caused distress or dysfunction
what is experimental psych?
Uses scientific methods to collect data and perform research
what is microsociology?
The study of small groups and individuals within a society
what is macrosociology?
A sociological approach that analyzes social systems on a large scale
what are external factors influencing change?
- Technology
- physical environment
- population change
- proximity to other groups
- social environment, culture, and values
