The Foundation Flashcards
What are the macronutrients needed by the vine?
(NPK) Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium
What are the micronutrients needed by the vine?
(Bad Monogamous Cows Inspected Molten Zinc)
Boron, Magnesium, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Zinc)
Glass blowers didn’t make uniform bottle neck openings until what period in history?
The 1600’s
Who was instrumental in the creation of the first AOC?
Baron Pierre LeRoy Boise-eau-marie.
What are the four major requirements to be awarded AOP status?
- Delimited Area
- Authorised varieties
- Maximum permitted yields
- Regulated pruning/harvesting/winemaking and ageing.
What are the four major requirements for IGP wines?
- Specified zone of production
- Authorised varieties
- Prescribed minimum alcohol level
- Tasting panel approval
What is the purpose of the INAO?
To police and protect it’s wine and spirit AOC’s from wrongful marketing or misleading labelling, internally and abroad.
Gouais Blanc German synonym
Weisser Heunisch
Gouais Blanc x Pinot = ?
Aligote, Auxerrois, Chardonnay, Gamay
Gouais Blanc x Chenin Blanc = ?
Colombard
Gouais Blanc x Unknown = ?
Furmint
Gouais Blanc x Various = ?
Riesling, Blaufrankisch
Sauvignon x Unknown = ?
Chenin Blanc
Savignin x Unknown (Extinct?) = ?
Sauvignon Blanc
Ancient synonyms for Pinot
Morillon, Noiren, Avernat
What is Arrufiac?
An aromatic white variety that is approved for production in Pacherenc du Vic Bilh and Saint Mont
What is Baroque?
A white aromatic grape variety from the southwest, late ripening most of which are in the Tursan AOC.
What is Blanqueiron?
A blending white grape variety that is falling out of fashion, primarily found in the Ballet AOC.
What is Camaralet?
A white variety from the southwest that creates low alcohol wines with aromas of honey, fennel and cinnamon spice.
What is Chasan? Who are it’s parents?
A white grape variety from Languedoc-Roussillon that is a cross between Palomino and Chardonnay.
What is Codivarta?
A white variety from Corsica.
What is Grignet?
A white variety from Savoie, of which there are only 30ha planted, primarily in the Cru of L’Ayze.
What is Jacquère?
A white grape variety that accounts for half of the planted acreage in Savoie, and has Gouais as a parent.
What is Len de L’El?
A white grape variety from the Southwest that is native to Gaillac.
What is Sacy? Parentage?
A white Gouais x Pinot cross that is used in the production of Saint-Pourçain whites in the Loire and cremant de Bourgogne.
What is Saint-Come? AOC?
A high-acid, high-alcohol white grape susceptible to Botrytis, used in the Estaing AOC.
What is the synonym for Pinot Gris in Champagne?
Fromenteau.
What is Lladoner Pelut?
A red grape variety that is a hairy-leafed mutation of Grenache Noir.
What is Marselan? Parentage?
A red cabernet sauvignon x grenache cross developed in Montpellier and used in the wines of Languedoc-Roussillon that is late-ripening with small berries and thick skin.
What is the synonym for Graciano when it is planted in the Languedoc-Roussillon region of France?
Morrastel.
What is Mouyssagues?
A red variety grown in the southwest of France with 1Ha planted.
What is the French synonym for Sangiovese on Corsica?
Nielluccio.
What is Persan?
A red variety from Savoie.
What is Portan? Parentage?
A red Grenache x Blue Portugeiser crossed by the INRA in 1958.
What is Prunelard?
A parent of Malbec native to Garonne and has undergone resurgence.
What is the synonym for Mammolo on Corsica?
Sciaccarello.
Grapes are described as ‘early’ or ‘late’ ripeners relative to the harvest date of which variety?
Chasselas
What is Palissage?
Trellis
What is Tailler?
To Prune.
What is Debourrement?
Bud Break
What is Ebourgeonnage?
Bud Trimming
What is Epamprage?
Desuckering
What is Dechausser?
The removal of the hilled up earth at the base of the grape vine.
What is Nouaison?
Berry Set.
What is Aoutement?
The stopping of vegetative growth.
What are the characteristics required for a wine to be considered ‘liquoreaux?’
The wine must have botrytis.
What is ‘Moelleux?’
Semi-sweet wines that may or mayn’t have botrytis.
Which method os rose production is traditional in Provence?
Direct Press
What is the traditional method for rose wine production in Tavel?
Saignee
Alsace used to be the only region in France authorised to grow riesling, until it was approved where?
Languedoc-Roussillon.
Alsace runs between which two parallels?
47th and 49th.
Alsace receives the lowest annual rainfall in France, how much?
400-500mm
At what altitude are most of the vineyards in Alsace? How much annual sunshine hours does Alsace receive?
Most are planted 200-400MASL, and receives about 1800 sunshine hours per annum.
What is the truth in labelling for variety in Alsace?
100%
Gentil Cépage?
Must contain a minimum of 50% ‘noble’ varieties - Riesling Gewürztraminer, Muscat, Pinot Gris with the balance of Sylvaner, Chasselas and Pinot Blanc.
What is Edelzwicker?
A blend of any approved Alsatian varieties. Grapes can be vinified together or separately, and vintage is optional.
Are Edelzwicker and Gentil separate AOCs?
No, they are categories within the Alsace AOC
What is the proportion of varietally labelled and blended wines in Alsace?
20% Blended, 80% Varietally Labelled.
A wine labelled ‘Pinot Blanc’ or ‘Klevner’ can be made from which varieties?
Can be 100% Pinot Blanc, 100% Auxerrois blanc, or a blend of both.
A wine labelled as ‘Pinot d’Alsace’ can be made from which varieties?
100% of either, or a blend of any. Auxerrois Blanc, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris.
How many major soil types in Alsace?
13
__% of the production of Alsace wine is by ____ producers.
80% of Alsace production is by 175 producers. There are 4400 growers in Alsace with 1200 producers.
‘Dry’ Alsace Riesling has what maximum RS level? Are there exceptions?
9 g/L, except Grand Cru Vineyards that have a labelled Lieu-Dit.
What are the production guidelines for Cremant d’Alsace?
- Must be handpicked
- Whites much be whole cluster pressed
- Rosé is 100% Pinot Noir (saignée or maceration)
- Aged 9 months sur lie
- Released at least one year after bottling
What grape variety is forbidden for Cremant d’Alsace
Gewurztraminer
When was the Cremant d’Alsace AOC created?
1976
How many AOCs in Alsace?
53.
1 x Alsace AOC
51 x Alsace Grand Cru AOC
1 x Cremant d’Alsace AOC
Alsace Communal AOC means what?
Is a sub-category for Alsace designed to recognised wine of heightened character. There are 13 communes recognised.
What are some of the restrictions placed on Alsace Lieu-Dit AOC wines?
- Variety limitations
- Vine density
- Pruning and trellising
- Higher Grape Maturity Levels
- Restrictive Yields
What percentage of Alsace wine is Grand Cru?
4%
Blending Rules for Altenberg de Bergheim?
- Minimum 50% Riesling (max 70%)
- Minimum 10% Gewürztraminer/Pinot Gris (max 25%)
- Not more than 10% of accessories
Blending rules for Kaefferkopf?
60-80% Gewurztraminer
10-40% Riesling
<30% Gris
<10% Accessories such as Muscat
Maximum Yields for Alsace AOC
White = 80hl/ha
Pinot Noir Rosé = 75hl/ha
Pinot Noir Red = 60hl/ha
Maximum Yield for Alsace Communal AOC
White = 72hl/ha Red = 60hl/ha
Maximum Yield for Alsace Lieu-dit AOC
White = 68hl/ha Red = 60hl/ha
Maximum Yield for Alsace Grand Cru AOC
55hl/ha
Maximum Yield for Cremant d’Alsace AOC
80hl/ha
When was Champagne decreed to be sold in bottle rather than in cask?
1728
What is the average amount of sunshine hours in Champagne per year?
1650
What percentage of Pinot Noir accounts for the plantings in Champagne?
38%
What percentage of Chardonnay accounts for the plantings in Champagne?
28%
What percentage of Meunier accounts for the plantings in Champagne?
34%
