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1. Anatomy 2 > The forearm and cubital fossa > Flashcards

The forearm and cubital fossa Flashcards

1
Q

Articulations between the ulna and radius? (2)

A

Proximal radioulnar joint- radius articulates with radial notch of ulna=pivot join. Allows pronation and supination (radius crossover ulna in pronation)

Distal radioulnar joint: Near wrist between ulnar head and ulnar notch of radius

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2
Q

What membrane lies between the radius and ulna?

Features of membrane (2)

A

Interosseous membrane- thick and fibrous

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3
Q

Supination- what is it how is this achieved?

A

Palm up. Supinator(post forearm m) and biceps brachii (ant forearm m) contact and the elbow is flexed

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4
Q

Pronation- what is it how is this achieved?

A

Palm Down- Pronator teres and pronator quadrates contract (ant arm muscles)

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5
Q

Cubital fossa- what is it

A

triangular depression anterior to elbow joint contains superficial veins used for IV connotations and blood samples

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6
Q

Superior border of cubital fossa

A

imaginary border between lateral and medial epicondyles

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7
Q

Floor of cubital fossa

A

Brachialis

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8
Q

lateral border of cubital fossa

A

Brachioradialis

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9
Q

Medial border of cubital fossa

A

Pronator teres

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10
Q

Superficial muscles of anterior arm

A

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus and flexor carpi ulnaris

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11
Q

Intermediate muscles of anterior arm

A

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

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12
Q

Deep muscles of anterior arm

A

Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicus longus, Pronator quadratus

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13
Q

Action of most of the muscles in the anterior forearm

A

Flexors of the wrist, fingers and thumb

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14
Q

Origin of the superficial flexors

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

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15
Q

PT, FCU,FCR,PL which order are they in from the most lateral

A

PT, FCR, PL, FCU

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16
Q

Pronator teres- attachment, action and innervation

A

Laterally to mid shaft of radius, pronates forearm, Median N

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17
Q

Flexor carpi radialis- attachment, action and innervation

A

Base of metacarpal 2&3. Flexion and abduction at wrist, Median N

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18
Q

Palmaris longus - attachment, action and innervation

A

Absent in 15% population, inserts onto the flexor retinaculum (palmar aponeurosis(which band of CT in wrist)) Flexion of wrist. Median N

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19
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris - attachment, action and innervation

A

Attaches onto the pisiform carpal bone. Flexion and abduction at wrist. Ulnar N

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20
Q

what muscles are vulnerable when the palmar spect of the hand is injured

A

Muscles of the anterior arm

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21
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis- origin, attachment, action and innervation

A

from medial epicondyle and radius. Gives rise to 4 tendons that travel under flexor retinaculum through carpal tunnel and attach to middle phalanges of the 4 fingers.
Flexes metacarpopharengeal joints and proximal interpharengeal joints of 4 fingers and flexes the wrist.

Innervation: Median N (by 2nd finger
Ulnar NV bundle lies medial to FDS and radial NV bundle lies lateral

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22
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus- origin, attachment, action and innervation

A

From ulna and Interosseous membrane. Gives rise to 4 tendons that travel under flexor retinaculum through carpal tunnel and attach to distal phalanges of the 4 fingers.
Only m that flexes distal interpharengeal joints of 4 fingers. Also flexes the wrist.

Medial 1.5 (4th and 5th finger)- Ulnar N the rest by anterior interosseous N (deep branch of median N)

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23
Q

Flexor pollicus longus- origin, attachment, action and innervation

A

Lateral to FDP. Originates from ant radius and Interosseous membrane. Inserts onto distal phalanx of thumb. Flexes thumb
anterior interosseous N (deep branch of median N)

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24
Q

Pronator quadratus- origin, attachment, action and innervation

A

From ant radius and inserts onto ant ulna.
Pronates the forearm
Anterior interosseous N (deep branch of median N)

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25
Q

Superficial muscles of posterior forearm

A 
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)
Extensor carpi radialis  brevis (ECRB)
Extensor digitorum (ED)
Extensor digiti minimi (EDM)
Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)
26
Q

Innervation of the posterior forearm muscles

A

Radial Nerve

27
Q

Origin of the posterior forearm muscles

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus - the common extensor origin.

28
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus- attachment and action

A

metacarpal 2&3. Extension and adduction or wrist

Principle wrist extensor

29
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis- attachment and action

A

metacarpal 2&3. Extension and adduction or wrist

Principle wrist extensor

30
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris- attachment and action

A

Base of metacarpal 5. Extension and adduction or wrist

31
Q

Extensor digitorum- attachment and action

A

lies centrally in post forearm gives rise to 4 tendons that travel under flexor retinaculum through carpal tunnel and attach to extensor hood of the 4 fingers.
Main extensor of fingers. Also extends wrist

32
Q

Extensor digiti minimi- attachment and action

A

Part of ED. Tendon attaches to extensor hood of the 5th digit. Extends finger and wrist

33
Q

Brachioradialis- origin, attachment and action

A

most lateral post m. on border of ant compartment. originates from supracondylar ridge of the humerus and extends to the distal radius, and is therefore a flexor of the elbow joint. It does not flex the wrist as it does not cross the wrist joint. It is important in returning the forearm to the mid-prone position from either full supination or pronation

34
Q

what muscles are vulnerable when the dorsal spect of the hand is injured

A

Muscles of the posterior arm

35
Q

What is the extensor hood

A

Fibrous tissue band overlying the dorm of the digits - helps to keep extensor tendons on midline of the digits and serves as insertion point for some hand muscles

36
Q

Anconeus

A

small muscle situated on the posterior aspect of the elbow.

37
Q

Deep muscles of posterior forearm

A 
Extensor indicis (EI)
Extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)
Abductor pollicis longus (APL)
38
Q

Origin of Deep muscles of posterior forearm

A

The shaft of the radius and ulna and the interosseous membrane

39
Q

Action of Deep muscles of posterior forearm

A

abduction and extension of the thumb and extension of the index finger.

40
Q

Injury to the Extensor indicis would affect movement of?

A

index finger

41
Q

Injury to the Extensor pollicis longus/ Extensor pollicis brevis/ Abductor pollicis longus would affect movement of?

42
Q

Innervation of the deep posterior muscles

A

Posterior interosseous N (deep branch of Radial N)

43
Q

Extensor indicis-attachment and action

A

Extensor hood of index finger

extends index finger

44
Q

Extensor pollicis longus-attachment and action

A

Distal phalanx of thumb

Extends carpometacarpal, interpharengeal and metacarpopharangeal joints of the thumb

45
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis-attachment and action

A

Attaches to base of proximal phalanx of thumb.

Extends carpometacarpal and metacarpopharangeal joints of the thumb

46
Q

Abductor pollicis longus-attachment and action

A

Attaches to lateral base of thumb

Abducts thumb

47
Q

Supinator muscle- where is it, origin, insertion and action

A

Lies in floor of cubital fossa. 2 heads one from lateral epicondyle one from posterior ulna.
Inserts on posterior radius
Supinates forearm

48
Q

Where is the anatomical snuffbox ?

A

Area between the tendons of abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis form a distinctive depression at the wrist

49
Q

When is the the anatomical snuffbox best seen

A

Best seen with the thumb in full extension

50
Q

what lies in the floor of the anatomical snuffbox ?

A

The scaphoid bone

51
Q

Which artery can be palpated in the snuffbox?

A

Radial Artery

52
Q

Which vein can be accessed in the snuffbox?

A

Cephalic Veinb

53
Q

Medial border of the anatomical snuffbox

A

Extensor pollicis longus

54
Q

Lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox

A

Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)

Abductor pollicis longus (APL)

55
Q

What is Colles fracture

A

Fracture of the distal radius. most common in elderly and Middle Ages women and those with osteoporosis.
Usually result of falling onto outstretched forearm
Ulnar styloid may also be avulsed
Rich blood supple so usually heals well.

56
Q

What is Guyons canal? What does it contain?

A

allows passage of ulnar A and N (AKA ulnar canal)

57
Q

What are indications for carpal tunnel surgery?

A

Weakness of thumb, atrophy in thenar region, inability to oppose thumb due to thenar m paralysis due to a trapped of median N that cannot provide innervation
Dinner fork abnormality

58
Q

What is the aim of carpal tunnel surgery?

A

Cut flexor retinaculum to release median N so it can provide innervation to thenar muscles.

59
Q

What is circumduction?

A

Flexion and extension

60
Q

What type of joint in the radoiocarpal joint?

A

Synovial ellipsoid joint. Radius articulates with carpal bones. Radoiocarpal ligaments strengthen the joint anteriorly and posteriorly.

1. Anatomy 2 (8 decks)

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