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Antibiotics > The Fluff > Flashcards

The Fluff Flashcards

1
Q

Sulfonamide

A

-Toxoplasmosis
(Sulfadiazine + pyrazinaminde)
[Nucleic Acid Inhibitor]

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2
Q

Sulfonamide Interaction

A
  • Warfarin

- P450 inhibition

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3
Q

Sulfonamide Toxicity

A
  • Kernicterus

- Hematopietic Disorders

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4
Q

TMP/SMZ

A

-Broad spectrum combo
-UTI’s
-RTI’s caused by H.Flu
-S.pneumoiae
-Shigella
-PCP in AIDS
[Nucleic Acid Inhibitor]

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5
Q

TMP/SMZ Toxicity

A
  • Megaloblastosis
  • Leukopenia
  • Kernicterus
  • Hematopietic Disorders
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6
Q

Fluroquinolone

Ciprofloxacin, Oxafloxacin, Norfloxacin

A

-UTI: P.aeruginosa
-Enteritis: salmonella, shigella, E.Coli, Campylobacter
[Nucleic Acid Inhibitor]

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7
Q

Fluroquinolone Toxicity

A
  • limitation of caffeine breakdown: seizures

- CONTRAINDICATED: <18 or pregnant

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8
Q

Nalidixic Acid

A

-Older quinolone
-Uncomplicated UTI
[Nucleic Acid Inhibitor]

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9
Q

Nalidixic Acid Toxicity

A

-DO NOT COMBINE with Nitrofurantion

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10
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

-uncomplicated UTI
-DO NOT COMBINE with Nalidixic Acid
[Nucleic Acid Inhibitor]

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11
Q

PenG

A

[cell wall synthesis inhibitor]

  • Given parenteral
  • N.Meningitidis
  • S.pneumoniae
  • Syphilis
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12
Q

PenG Toxicity

A

-Hypersensitivity

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13
Q

PenV

A

-Same as PenG, but in oral form

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14
Q

Penicllinase-Resistant Penecillin

Methicillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin

A

-S.aureus

[cell wall synthesis inhibitor]

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15
Q

Penicliinase-Resistant Penecillin Toxicity

A

-Hypersensitivity

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16
Q

Ampicillin Use

A

-Given IV
-E.Coli
-H.Flu
-Strep.pneumo
-Listeria
[cell wall synthesis inhibitor]

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17
Q

Amoxicillin

A

-Same as ampicillin, but in oral form

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18
Q

Extended Spectrum Penecillins

Ticarcillin, Pipercillin, Mezlocillin

A

-Difficiult Gram (-)
-Proteus Mirabilis
-P.aeruginosa
-Serratia Marcescens
-Klabsiella pneumoniae
[cell wall synthesis inhibitor]

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19
Q

Imipenem

A

-Serious infections of unknown origin

[cell wall synthesis inhibitor]

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20
Q

B-lactamase Inhibitors

Clavulanic Acid, Sulbactam

A

-Poor properties, use only in combination with other antibiotics
[cell wall synthesis inhibitor]

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21
Q

1-G-Cephalasporins

Cephalaxin

A

[cell wall synthesis inhibitor]

  • Not often used
  • Community acquired skin infections
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22
Q

2-G-Cephalasporins

Cefuroxime

A

[cell wall synthesis inhibitor]

  • community acquired pneumonia
  • H.Flu
  • Klabsiella
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23
Q

3-G-Cephalasporins

Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime

A

-penetrates CNS
-Ghonorrhea
[cell wall synthesis inhibitor]

24
Q

Cephalasporin Toxicity

A
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Pain on injection
  • Bleeding issues
  • CONTRAINDICATED in patients with previous anaphalixis
25
Q

Vancomycin

A

[cell wall synthesis inhibitor]

  • MRSA
  • Enterococcus faecium
  • Pencillin-Resistant S.pneumoniae
  • C.difficile
26
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

[inhibitor of protein synthesis]

  • moderate to severe Gram (-) aerobic infections
  • synergistic with B-lactams
27
Q

Aminoglycoside Toxicity

A
  • Neprho toxicity

- Ototoxicity

28
Q

Tetracyclines

tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline

A

-Cholera
-RMSF
-Lyme Disease
-Brucellosis
[inhibitor of protein synthesis]

29
Q

Tetracycline Toxicity

A
  • GI Irritation
  • Phototoxicity
  • CONTRAINDICATED in <18 or pregnant
  • Fanconi syndrome
  • Phototoxicity
30
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

[inhibitor of protein synthesis]

  • serious infections when other antibiotics are contraindicated
  • penetrates CNS
31
Q

Chloramphenicol Toxicity

A
  • Aplastic anemia
  • Bone marrow depression
  • Gray baby syndrome
32
Q

Macrolides

Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythroymcin

A 
[inhibitor of protein synthesis]
-Legionnella
-B.pertussis
-Chlamydia trachomatis
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
33
Q

Macrolide Toxicity

A
  • GI Distress

- Can potentiate effects of other drugs such as corticosteroids, cyclosporine, digoxin, warfarin

34
Q

Clindamycin

A

[inhibitor of protein synthesis]

  • given orally
  • opportunistic infections associated with AIDS
  • Severe anerobic infections with B. fragilis
35
Q

Clindamycin Toxicity

A
  • GI Distress
  • Skin rashes
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • POSSIBLE C.DIFF SUPERINFECTION
36
Q

Streptogramins

Dalfopristin, Quinupristin

A

[inhibitor of protein synthesis]

  • Penicillin resistant S.pneumonae
  • MRSA
37
Q

Oxazolidinones

Linezolid

A

[inhibitor of protein synthesis]

  • Penicillin resistant S.pneumonae
  • MRSA
  • Group A&B Strep
38
Q

Oxazolidinone Toxicity

A
  • BRADYCARDIA
  • THROMBOCYTOPENIA
  • SUPERINFECTION
39
Q

Metronidazole

A

[inhibitor of protein synthesis]

  • Pseudomembraneous cholitis caused by:
  • C.diff
  • B.fragilis
  • Giardia
  • Trichomoniasis
40
Q

Metronidazole Toxicity

A
  • Nausea
  • Headache
  • CONTRAINDICATED when there is a bun in the oven
41
Q

Isoniazid

A

[antitubular]

  • Prophylaxis following TB exposure
  • Mycobacteria
  • Mainstay of TB regimen
42
Q

Isoniazid Toxicity

A

-Hepatotoxicity

43
Q

Rifampin

A

[antitubular]

  • TB
  • Prophylaxis for N.Meningitidis & H.flu
44
Q

Rifampin Toxicity

A

-Hepatotoxicity

45
Q

Ethambutol

A

[antitubular]

-TB

46
Q

Ethambutol Toxicity

A

-Optic neuritis including Christmas (red/green) discrimination

47
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

[antitubular]

-TB

48
Q

Pyrazinamide Toxicity

A

Hepatotoxicity

49
Q

TB Treatment Regimen

A

0-2mo: INH + Rifampin + Ethambutol + Pyrizinamide
2-6mo: INH + Rifampin + Ethambutol
6-10mo: INH + Rifampin

50
Q

Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)

A

For Life: Ethambutol + Azithromycin or Clarithromycin

For very low T counts: add Rifampin

51
Q

Amphotericin B

A

[antifungal]

  • Cryptococcus Meningitis (+flucytosine)
  • Candida (+flucytosine)
  • Coccidioides
52
Q

Amphotericin B Toxicity

A
  • VERY VERY TOXIC
  • nephrotoxin
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hypersensitivity
  • Vomiting
53
Q

5-Fluorocytosine

Flucytosine

A

[antifungal]

  • rarely used alone
  • Used with Amphotericin B
54
Q

Azoles

Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, Itraconazole

A 
[antifungal]
-Blastomtcosis
-Histoplasmosis
-Candidasis
-Cryptococcus
Coccidiodial Meningitis
55
Q

5-Fluorocytosine Toxicity

A
  • Bone marrow depression
  • Hairloss
  • GI Distress
56
Q

Azole Toxicity

A
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Rash

Antibiotics (2 decks)

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