The Fluff Flashcards
Sulfonamide
-Toxoplasmosis
(Sulfadiazine + pyrazinaminde)
[Nucleic Acid Inhibitor]
Sulfonamide Interaction
- Warfarin
- P450 inhibition
Sulfonamide Toxicity
- Kernicterus
- Hematopietic Disorders
TMP/SMZ
-Broad spectrum combo
-UTI’s
-RTI’s caused by H.Flu
-S.pneumoiae
-Shigella
-PCP in AIDS
[Nucleic Acid Inhibitor]
TMP/SMZ Toxicity
- Megaloblastosis
- Leukopenia
- Kernicterus
- Hematopietic Disorders
Fluroquinolone
Ciprofloxacin, Oxafloxacin, Norfloxacin
-UTI: P.aeruginosa
-Enteritis: salmonella, shigella, E.Coli, Campylobacter
[Nucleic Acid Inhibitor]
Fluroquinolone Toxicity
- limitation of caffeine breakdown: seizures
- CONTRAINDICATED: <18 or pregnant
Nalidixic Acid
-Older quinolone
-Uncomplicated UTI
[Nucleic Acid Inhibitor]
Nalidixic Acid Toxicity
-DO NOT COMBINE with Nitrofurantion
Nitrofurantoin
-uncomplicated UTI
-DO NOT COMBINE with Nalidixic Acid
[Nucleic Acid Inhibitor]
PenG
[cell wall synthesis inhibitor]
- Given parenteral
- N.Meningitidis
- S.pneumoniae
- Syphilis
PenG Toxicity
-Hypersensitivity
PenV
-Same as PenG, but in oral form
Penicllinase-Resistant Penecillin
Methicillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin
-S.aureus
[cell wall synthesis inhibitor]
Penicliinase-Resistant Penecillin Toxicity
-Hypersensitivity
Ampicillin Use
-Given IV
-E.Coli
-H.Flu
-Strep.pneumo
-Listeria
[cell wall synthesis inhibitor]
Amoxicillin
-Same as ampicillin, but in oral form
Extended Spectrum Penecillins
Ticarcillin, Pipercillin, Mezlocillin
-Difficiult Gram (-)
-Proteus Mirabilis
-P.aeruginosa
-Serratia Marcescens
-Klabsiella pneumoniae
[cell wall synthesis inhibitor]
Imipenem
-Serious infections of unknown origin
[cell wall synthesis inhibitor]
B-lactamase Inhibitors
Clavulanic Acid, Sulbactam
-Poor properties, use only in combination with other antibiotics
[cell wall synthesis inhibitor]
1-G-Cephalasporins
Cephalaxin
[cell wall synthesis inhibitor]
- Not often used
- Community acquired skin infections
2-G-Cephalasporins
Cefuroxime
[cell wall synthesis inhibitor]
- community acquired pneumonia
- H.Flu
- Klabsiella
3-G-Cephalasporins
Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime
-penetrates CNS
-Ghonorrhea
[cell wall synthesis inhibitor]
Cephalasporin Toxicity
- Hypersensitivity
- Pain on injection
- Bleeding issues
- CONTRAINDICATED in patients with previous anaphalixis
Vancomycin
[cell wall synthesis inhibitor]
- MRSA
- Enterococcus faecium
- Pencillin-Resistant S.pneumoniae
- C.difficile
Aminoglycosides
[inhibitor of protein synthesis]
- moderate to severe Gram (-) aerobic infections
- synergistic with B-lactams
Aminoglycoside Toxicity
- Neprho toxicity
- Ototoxicity
Tetracyclines
tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline
-Cholera
-RMSF
-Lyme Disease
-Brucellosis
[inhibitor of protein synthesis]
Tetracycline Toxicity
- GI Irritation
- Phototoxicity
- CONTRAINDICATED in <18 or pregnant
- Fanconi syndrome
- Phototoxicity
Chloramphenicol
[inhibitor of protein synthesis]
- serious infections when other antibiotics are contraindicated
- penetrates CNS
Chloramphenicol Toxicity
- Aplastic anemia
- Bone marrow depression
- Gray baby syndrome
Macrolides
Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythroymcin
[inhibitor of protein synthesis] -Legionnella -B.pertussis -Chlamydia trachomatis Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Macrolide Toxicity
- GI Distress
- Can potentiate effects of other drugs such as corticosteroids, cyclosporine, digoxin, warfarin
Clindamycin
[inhibitor of protein synthesis]
- given orally
- opportunistic infections associated with AIDS
- Severe anerobic infections with B. fragilis
Clindamycin Toxicity
- GI Distress
- Skin rashes
- Hepatotoxicity
- POSSIBLE C.DIFF SUPERINFECTION
Streptogramins
Dalfopristin, Quinupristin
[inhibitor of protein synthesis]
- Penicillin resistant S.pneumonae
- MRSA
Oxazolidinones
Linezolid
[inhibitor of protein synthesis]
- Penicillin resistant S.pneumonae
- MRSA
- Group A&B Strep
Oxazolidinone Toxicity
- BRADYCARDIA
- THROMBOCYTOPENIA
- SUPERINFECTION
Metronidazole
[inhibitor of protein synthesis]
- Pseudomembraneous cholitis caused by:
- C.diff
- B.fragilis
- Giardia
- Trichomoniasis
Metronidazole Toxicity
- Nausea
- Headache
- CONTRAINDICATED when there is a bun in the oven
Isoniazid
[antitubular]
- Prophylaxis following TB exposure
- Mycobacteria
- Mainstay of TB regimen
Isoniazid Toxicity
-Hepatotoxicity
Rifampin
[antitubular]
- TB
- Prophylaxis for N.Meningitidis & H.flu
Rifampin Toxicity
-Hepatotoxicity
Ethambutol
[antitubular]
-TB
Ethambutol Toxicity
-Optic neuritis including Christmas (red/green) discrimination
Pyrazinamide
[antitubular]
-TB
Pyrazinamide Toxicity
Hepatotoxicity
TB Treatment Regimen
0-2mo: INH + Rifampin + Ethambutol + Pyrizinamide
2-6mo: INH + Rifampin + Ethambutol
6-10mo: INH + Rifampin
Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)
For Life: Ethambutol + Azithromycin or Clarithromycin
For very low T counts: add Rifampin
Amphotericin B
[antifungal]
- Cryptococcus Meningitis (+flucytosine)
- Candida (+flucytosine)
- Coccidioides
Amphotericin B Toxicity
- VERY VERY TOXIC
- nephrotoxin
- Hypokalemia
- Hypersensitivity
- Vomiting
5-Fluorocytosine
Flucytosine
[antifungal]
- rarely used alone
- Used with Amphotericin B
Azoles
Ketoconazole, Fluconazole, Itraconazole
[antifungal] -Blastomtcosis -Histoplasmosis -Candidasis -Cryptococcus Coccidiodial Meningitis
5-Fluorocytosine Toxicity
- Bone marrow depression
- Hairloss
- GI Distress
Azole Toxicity
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Rash
