The First 2 Years Biosocial and Cognitive Development Flashcards
Social Referencing
Seeking information about how to react to an unfamiliar or ambiguous objects or events by observing someone else’s expressions and reactions
Synchrony
A coordinated, rapid, and smooth exchange of responses between a caregiver and infant
Disorganized attachment
a type of attachment marked by the infant’s inconsistent reactions to a caregiver’s departure and return
Insecure attachment
a pattern of attachment where the infant’s anxiety and uncertainty are evident
Insecure avoidant attachment
A pattern of attachemnt where the infant avoids connection with the caregiver
Secure attachment
a pattern of attachment where the infant finds security, comfort, and confidence in the presence of their caregiver
Psychodynamic Theory
Personality develops in unconscious psychological processes (For example, wishes and fears of which we’re not fully aware), and contends that childhood experiences are crucial in shaping adult personality.
Behaviorism Theory
All behaviors are learned through interactions in your environment
Sociocultural Theory
Explores how social interactions and the influence of the world affects your development
Cognitive Theory
Thoughts are the primary determinants of emotions and behavior
Evolutionary Theory
Past experiences of your predecessors affect how you develop
Social Smile
A smile evoked by a human face normally first evident in infants about six weeks after birth
Attachment
A tie that binds an infant and caregiver together
Still-face technique
An experimental practice where the caregiver keeps his or her face expressionless during a face-to-face interaction
Proximal Parenting
A caregiving practice where they are physically close to the infant a lot and there is frequent touching and holding
Temperament
Inborn differences between one person and another in emotions, activity, and self regulation. It is measured by the persons typical responses to the environment
Self-awareness
The realization that he or she is a distinct individual and whose body, mind, and emotions are separate from other people’s
Stranger wariness
An infants expression of concern, a quiet stare while clinging to a familiar person, or a look of fear when a stranger appears
Jean Piaget
best known for his research on the cognitive theory, studied the intellectual development of children; created a theory that described the stages that children pass through in the
development of intelligence and formal thought processes
Separation Anxiety
An infant’s distress when the caregiver leaves
Allocare
A person that isn’t the mother or father is apart of caring for the infant
Language acquisition device (LAD)
Hypothesized mental structure that enables humans to learn language, including the basic aspects of grammar, vocabulary, and intonation
Mean length of utterance (MLU)
The average number of words in a typical sentence often used to measure language development
Naming explosion
A sudden increase in vocabulary and forming longer sentences beginning in 18 months
