The Final 150 Flashcards
The Virginia Company
A stock company that got the charter to found Jamestown
Jamestown
The first settlement in America (that didn’t disappear)
John Smith
The first Governor of Jamestown and Captain of the Mayflower
Pocahontas
The daughter of the Powhatan chief
John Rolfe
The man who taught the settlers to grow tobacco
Tobacco
The crop for smoking that the settlers planted to save Jamestown
Bacon’s rebellion
Failed Rebellion that showed the people wanted to colonize beyond the shore
Plymouth colony
The colony of the pilgrims and the Mayflower
Pilgrims
Settlers of America who came for religious freedom
Mayflower
The ship the settlers of Plymouth came on
Mayflower compact
The document that provided their laws and government
William Bradford
The leader of the Pilgrims for 30 years who made Thanksgiving
Squanto and Samoset
2 natives who taught the Pilgrims to farm and fish
Puritans
Protestants who wanted reform and were very strict
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Puritan settlement that was based on the Bible
John Winthrop
The governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
The founders of Rhode Island
The Salem Witch Trials
Trials in the town of Salem to find Witches
William Penn
The founder of Pennsylvania and a Quaker
Quakers
Religious People who believed all were equal, tolerant of other views, and were pacifists
Pacifists
People who refuse to fight/harm other people
James Oglethorpe’s debt and buffer colony
Georgia
The First Great Awakening
A colonial religious revival
Triangular Trade
Trade where slaves, crops, and goods were traded between the Colonies, Caribbean, and Africa
Poor Richard’s Almanac, the Albany Plan of Union, and Join or Die cartoon
Encouragement to unite the colonies
John Peter Zenger Trial
Trial that led to the freedom of the press
Cause of the French and Indian War
Fought over the Ohio River Valley
Proclamation of 1763
Halted western expansion beyond the Appalachian mountains
The Sugar Act
British officers are allowed to seize goods without court
The stamp act
Act that placed a stamp on all printed materials and could not be sold without it
The Boston Massacre
A fight between Brit soldiers and Townsfolk that killed 5 civilians
The Boston Tea Party
When colonists disguised as natives threw millions of dollars worth of tea into Boston harbor
The Intolerable Acts
Acts that forced the Boston harbor to shut down until the tea was paid for
Patrick Henry
Delegate in Philadelphia that said,
“I am not a Virginian, but an American”
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
A secret society that protected the rights of the colonists
John Hancock
Owner of the Liberty
Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense”
Pamphlet that called for Independence
Declaration of Independence
Philadelphia, July 4th, written by Thomas Jefferson, it made the Colonies officially independent
Cause of the American Revolutionary War
Taxes and Tariffs
Loyalists
Colonists loyal to GB
Patriots
Colonists against GB who wanted Independence
Battles of Lexington and Concord
Battle that started the Revolutionary War in favor of the Patriots
Battle of Saratoga
Battle where the British retreated because they carried 30 wagons of luxury goods
Winter at Valley Forge
Time in which Washington and his troops had no supplies
The Battle of Yorktown
The last major battle of the revolution
Benedict Arnold
Traitor of the US that is today synonymous with the word
Lead of Patriot troops
George Washington
Marquis de La Fayette
Frenchman who believed in American Ideas who thought that the US would have a big impact on the world
Friedrich von Steuben
Prussian who taught the troops at Valley Forge discipline
Francis Marion
Helper of the patriots in the south, also known as the Swamp Fox
Guerrilla warfare
Hit and Run technique of fighting involving lots of small attacks
Treaty of Paris 1783
Treaty that ended the Revolutionary War and got the US recognized
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Document that created one territory that banned slaves and was the first try at stopping slavery
Articles of Confederation
The First Constitution of the USA
Shays’ rebellion
Uprising that fought government taxes and showed the US needed a new Constitution
The Great Compromise
Established the modern model of congress
The 3/5 Compromise
Let slaves count as 3/5 of a person towards representatives
The US Constitution
James Madison, 1787, it was made to change the government
The Bill of Rights
The First ten Amendments of the Constitution
1st amendment
Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition
2nd amendment
The right to own guns
4th amendment
Protects against searches of property without a probable Cause
5th amendment
Rights cannot be deprived without the process of the law
6th amendment
The right to a public trial by a neutral jury
The 3 branches and purpose of each
Legislative branch- makes laws
Executive branch- carries out laws
Judicial branch- interprets laws
Whiskey rebellion
Suppressed rebellion that showed change could be made through congress
Alexander Hamilton
The Secretary of Treasury who proposed a plan that the Government take care of state debts
Alien and Sedition acts
Laws that made it harder for immigrants to immigrate into the US
John Sevier
One of the founding fathers of Tennessee
The Natchez Trace
Trade route between Mississippi and Nashville
Marbury v Madison
Trial that established Judicial Review and was the first time the Supreme Court decided something was unconstitutional
Judicial Review
Law that the court can nullify the actions of branches
McCulloch v Maryland
Case on states rights that said Maryland had no right to tax a fed institution
Election of 1800
John Adams vs Thomas Jefferson
Decided by representatives
Louisiana Purchase
Deal that the Louisiana colony of France would be given to the Americans in cents per acre
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Expedition to explore the Louisiana territory for resources
Impressment and attack of Chesapeake
The act of forcing Americans to serve in the British navy, and an attack on the ship Chesapeake for refusal to let British troops board
War Hawks of 1812
Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun
War of 1812 the 3 main events
Washington DC burned, the Battle of Fort McHenry, and the Battle of New Orleans
The Star Spangled Banner
The national anthem inspired by the Battle of Fort McHenry
The Monroe Doctrine
Written by James Monroe and said the Americas were no longer available for colonization
Irish Potato Famine and Immigration
The Irish immigrated to America for a new life after the Famine
Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention
Convention held to discuss the issue of women’s rights
Industrial Revolution
The change from an Agrarian society to one based on industry
Capitalism
American economic system in which individuals invest capital into a company for profit
Free Enterprise System
People can buy, sell, produce what they want and work where they want
Supply and demand
The balance of supplying a product and the demand for it to find the best price with the most desire to buy it
Number one crop in south 1800s
Cotton
The Cotton Gin
It removed the sticky centers of cotton crop and increased the supply of cotton a lot
Urban vs Rural
Urban describes the city
Rural describes the country
Wilderness road
The road from Kentucky to the Atlantic
Daniel Boone
Man who blazed the future wilderness road with 30 people
Cumberland Gap
Path that made mountain travel easier
The Corrupt Bargain
When JQA met with Henry Clay to rig rep vote and win
Andrew Jackson
Spoils System- replacing gov employees with supporters
Jackson was the president who hated the National Bank
Indian Removal Act
Passed to relocate the natives to modern Oklahoma
Trail of Tears
Trail the Cherokee followed to get to the reservation
Sequoyah
Leader known for creating the Cherokee language
WHH presidency
The first Whig president who served for 32 days before dying
Manifest Destiny
Belief that America should extend its borders from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Texas Rebellion
Rebellion of Americans in Texas against Mexican oppression and Tarrifs
The Alamo
Battle where everyone defending was killed, but it bought the Texans much needed time
Davy Crockett
A backwoodsman from Tennessee who fought at the Alamo
The Oregon Trail
Trail used by settlers to travel to Oregon for fertile land
James K Polk
President that led war on Mexico and fulfilled the dream of Manifest Destiny
Mexican War
Caused by a dispute about the south border of Texas and Mexico ceded half of its territory
John Sutter and the Gold Rush
A Swiss immigrant who found gold on his land in California that started the California Gold Rush
Brigham Young
Mormon who led the Mormon migration to the salt lake area of Utah
The Missouri Compromise
Said that states below a certain line would be slave states except for Missouri which was above the line
John Brown
Violent Abolitionist who believed God had chosen him to end slavery
Harriet Tubman
The most famous conductor of the Underground Railroad
Underground Railroad
Secret travel system for slaves to escape to the north
Frederick Douglass
AA abolitionist that escaped slavery and edited an anti-slavery newspaper called the “North Star”
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
First ever American Best Seller book that dealt with the issue of slavery
Fugitive Slave Act
Act that forced all people to help get escaped slaves back to their owners
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Act that overthrew the Missouri Compromise and said states would vote on slavery
Bleeding Kansas
Time when the people in Kansas fought each other over slavery
The Sumner-Brooks Incident
Senator Charles Sumner lashed out against Andrew P Butler for supporting slavery, and Butlers cousin Preston Brooks beat Sumner with his cane
Raid on Harper’s Ferry
Raid by John Brown to start a slave rebellion by arming them but failed
Dred Scott v Sandford
Supreme Court case that slave Dred Scot was in a free state for a short time and thus he was freed, but failed
Lincoln-Douglass debates
Debates on the issue of slavery for senate seat were Lincoln lost, but gave his famous “House Divided”
Election of 1860
Election for president that Abraham Lincoln wins in
Causes of the Civil War
Secession, states rights, and slavery
Fort Sumter
First Battle of the Civil War started by the Southerners, but no one was killed in the Battle
Ulysses S Grant
Lead General of the Union Army
Robert E Lee
Lead Southern General that was against slavery, but couldn’t see himself fighting against his home state of Virginia
Stonewall Jackson
Confederate general that was gifted in Tactics and was most well known next to Robert E Lee
First Battle of Bull Run
First major Battle fought near Manassas Junction that was a Rebel Victory
Anaconda Plan
Union Plan to defeat the Rebels by dividing them in two
54th Massachusetts
Well known Union Regiment that was made up of African Americans
The Battle of Gettysburg
Union forces retreated to the mountains, but later win due to the Rebels charging directly at them, making them easy targets
The Battle of Vicksburg
Battle led by Ulysses S Grant that was considered the turning point of the war
Sherman’s march to the sea
General William Sherman burned Atlanta and marched towards Savannah, Georgia
Lee surrendering
After the CSA capital fell, Lee surrenders to save his men from dying
13th amendment
Abolished slavery
14th amendment
Gave full citizenship to everyone born in the USA
15th amendment
Gave AA men the right to vote
Lincoln assassination
Shot at Ford’s theatre
The murderer was John Wilkes Booth
He died at the Petersen House
10 percent Plan and radical republican plan
When 10% of a state pledged loyalty, then it would be re admitted, but radicals wanted harsher plans
Freedman’s Bureau
Agency that helped black slaves make the transition to freedom
Segregation
Separation of white and colored, as long as they’re both equal
Jim Crow Laws
Laws that required whites and blacks to be separated in all public places
The Ku Klux Klan
The largest anti African American terrorist organization in the south
