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8th History > The Final 150 > Flashcards

The Final 150 Flashcards

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1
Q

The Virginia Company

A

A stock company that got the charter to found Jamestown

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2
Q

Jamestown

A

The first settlement in America (that didn’t disappear)

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3
Q

John Smith

A

The first Governor of Jamestown and Captain of the Mayflower

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4
Q

Pocahontas

A

The daughter of the Powhatan chief

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5
Q

John Rolfe

A

The man who taught the settlers to grow tobacco

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6
Q

Tobacco

A

The crop for smoking that the settlers planted to save Jamestown

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7
Q

Bacon’s rebellion

A

Failed Rebellion that showed the people wanted to colonize beyond the shore

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8
Q

Plymouth colony

A

The colony of the pilgrims and the Mayflower

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9
Q

Pilgrims

A

Settlers of America who came for religious freedom

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10
Q

Mayflower

A

The ship the settlers of Plymouth came on

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11
Q

Mayflower compact

A

The document that provided their laws and government

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12
Q

William Bradford

A

The leader of the Pilgrims for 30 years who made Thanksgiving

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13
Q

Squanto and Samoset

A

2 natives who taught the Pilgrims to farm and fish

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14
Q

Puritans

A

Protestants who wanted reform and were very strict

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15
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A

Puritan settlement that was based on the Bible

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16
Q

John Winthrop

A

The governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

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17
Q

Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams

A

The founders of Rhode Island

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18
Q

The Salem Witch Trials

A

Trials in the town of Salem to find Witches

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19
Q

William Penn

A

The founder of Pennsylvania and a Quaker

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20
Q

Quakers

A

Religious People who believed all were equal, tolerant of other views, and were pacifists

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21
Q

Pacifists

A

People who refuse to fight/harm other people

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22
Q

James Oglethorpe’s debt and buffer colony

A

Georgia

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23
Q

The First Great Awakening

A

A colonial religious revival

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24
Q

Triangular Trade

A

Trade where slaves, crops, and goods were traded between the Colonies, Caribbean, and Africa

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25
Q

Poor Richard’s Almanac, the Albany Plan of Union, and Join or Die cartoon

A

Encouragement to unite the colonies

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26
Q

John Peter Zenger Trial

A

Trial that led to the freedom of the press

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27
Q

Cause of the French and Indian War

A

Fought over the Ohio River Valley

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28
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Halted western expansion beyond the Appalachian mountains

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29
Q

The Sugar Act

A

British officers are allowed to seize goods without court

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30
Q

The stamp act

A

Act that placed a stamp on all printed materials and could not be sold without it

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31
Q

The Boston Massacre

A

A fight between Brit soldiers and Townsfolk that killed 5 civilians

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32
Q

The Boston Tea Party

A

When colonists disguised as natives threw millions of dollars worth of tea into Boston harbor

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33
Q

The Intolerable Acts

A

Acts that forced the Boston harbor to shut down until the tea was paid for

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34
Q

Patrick Henry

A

Delegate in Philadelphia that said,

“I am not a Virginian, but an American”

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35
Q

Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty

A

A secret society that protected the rights of the colonists

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36
Q

John Hancock

A

Owner of the Liberty

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37
Q

Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense”

A

Pamphlet that called for Independence

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38
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

Philadelphia, July 4th, written by Thomas Jefferson, it made the Colonies officially independent

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39
Q

Cause of the American Revolutionary War

A

Taxes and Tariffs

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40
Q

Loyalists

A

Colonists loyal to GB

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41
Q

Patriots

A

Colonists against GB who wanted Independence

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42
Q

Battles of Lexington and Concord

A

Battle that started the Revolutionary War in favor of the Patriots

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43
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

Battle where the British retreated because they carried 30 wagons of luxury goods

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44
Q

Winter at Valley Forge

A

Time in which Washington and his troops had no supplies

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45
Q

The Battle of Yorktown

A

The last major battle of the revolution

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46
Q

Benedict Arnold

A

Traitor of the US that is today synonymous with the word

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47
Q

Lead of Patriot troops

A

George Washington

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48
Q

Marquis de La Fayette

A

Frenchman who believed in American Ideas who thought that the US would have a big impact on the world

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49
Q

Friedrich von Steuben

A

Prussian who taught the troops at Valley Forge discipline

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50
Q

Francis Marion

A

Helper of the patriots in the south, also known as the Swamp Fox

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51
Q

Guerrilla warfare

A

Hit and Run technique of fighting involving lots of small attacks

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52
Q

Treaty of Paris 1783

A

Treaty that ended the Revolutionary War and got the US recognized

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53
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

Document that created one territory that banned slaves and was the first try at stopping slavery

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54
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

The First Constitution of the USA

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55
Q

Shays’ rebellion

A

Uprising that fought government taxes and showed the US needed a new Constitution

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56
Q

The Great Compromise

A

Established the modern model of congress

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57
Q

The 3/5 Compromise

A

Let slaves count as 3/5 of a person towards representatives

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58
Q

The US Constitution

A

James Madison, 1787, it was made to change the government

59
Q

The Bill of Rights

A

The First ten Amendments of the Constitution

60
Q

1st amendment

A

Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition

61
Q

2nd amendment

A

The right to own guns

62
Q

4th amendment

A

Protects against searches of property without a probable Cause

63
Q

5th amendment

A

Rights cannot be deprived without the process of the law

64
Q

6th amendment

A

The right to a public trial by a neutral jury

65
Q

The 3 branches and purpose of each

A

Legislative branch- makes laws
Executive branch- carries out laws
Judicial branch- interprets laws

66
Q

Whiskey rebellion

A

Suppressed rebellion that showed change could be made through congress

67
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

The Secretary of Treasury who proposed a plan that the Government take care of state debts

68
Q

Alien and Sedition acts

A

Laws that made it harder for immigrants to immigrate into the US

69
Q

John Sevier

A

One of the founding fathers of Tennessee

70
Q

The Natchez Trace

A

Trade route between Mississippi and Nashville

71
Q

Marbury v Madison

A

Trial that established Judicial Review and was the first time the Supreme Court decided something was unconstitutional

72
Q

Judicial Review

A

Law that the court can nullify the actions of branches

73
Q

McCulloch v Maryland

A

Case on states rights that said Maryland had no right to tax a fed institution

74
Q

Election of 1800

A

John Adams vs Thomas Jefferson

Decided by representatives

75
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

Deal that the Louisiana colony of France would be given to the Americans in cents per acre

76
Q

Lewis and Clark Expedition

A

Expedition to explore the Louisiana territory for resources

77
Q

Impressment and attack of Chesapeake

A

The act of forcing Americans to serve in the British navy, and an attack on the ship Chesapeake for refusal to let British troops board

78
Q

War Hawks of 1812

A

Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun

79
Q

War of 1812 the 3 main events

A

Washington DC burned, the Battle of Fort McHenry, and the Battle of New Orleans

80
Q

The Star Spangled Banner

A

The national anthem inspired by the Battle of Fort McHenry

81
Q

The Monroe Doctrine

A

Written by James Monroe and said the Americas were no longer available for colonization

82
Q

Irish Potato Famine and Immigration

A

The Irish immigrated to America for a new life after the Famine

83
Q

Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention

A

Convention held to discuss the issue of women’s rights

84
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

The change from an Agrarian society to one based on industry

85
Q

Capitalism

A

American economic system in which individuals invest capital into a company for profit

86
Q

Free Enterprise System

A

People can buy, sell, produce what they want and work where they want

87
Q

Supply and demand

A

The balance of supplying a product and the demand for it to find the best price with the most desire to buy it

88
Q

Number one crop in south 1800s

A

Cotton

89
Q

The Cotton Gin

A

It removed the sticky centers of cotton crop and increased the supply of cotton a lot

90
Q

Urban vs Rural

A

Urban describes the city

Rural describes the country

91
Q

Wilderness road

A

The road from Kentucky to the Atlantic

92
Q

Daniel Boone

A

Man who blazed the future wilderness road with 30 people

93
Q

Cumberland Gap

A

Path that made mountain travel easier

94
Q

The Corrupt Bargain

A

When JQA met with Henry Clay to rig rep vote and win

95
Q

Andrew Jackson

A

Spoils System- replacing gov employees with supporters

Jackson was the president who hated the National Bank

96
Q

Indian Removal Act

A

Passed to relocate the natives to modern Oklahoma

97
Q

Trail of Tears

A

Trail the Cherokee followed to get to the reservation

98
Q

Sequoyah

A

Leader known for creating the Cherokee language

99
Q

WHH presidency

A

The first Whig president who served for 32 days before dying

100
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

Belief that America should extend its borders from the Atlantic to the Pacific

101
Q

Texas Rebellion

A

Rebellion of Americans in Texas against Mexican oppression and Tarrifs

102
Q

The Alamo

A

Battle where everyone defending was killed, but it bought the Texans much needed time

103
Q

Davy Crockett

A

A backwoodsman from Tennessee who fought at the Alamo

104
Q

The Oregon Trail

A

Trail used by settlers to travel to Oregon for fertile land

105
Q

James K Polk

A

President that led war on Mexico and fulfilled the dream of Manifest Destiny

106
Q

Mexican War

A

Caused by a dispute about the south border of Texas and Mexico ceded half of its territory

107
Q

John Sutter and the Gold Rush

A

A Swiss immigrant who found gold on his land in California that started the California Gold Rush

108
Q

Brigham Young

A

Mormon who led the Mormon migration to the salt lake area of Utah

109
Q

The Missouri Compromise

A

Said that states below a certain line would be slave states except for Missouri which was above the line

110
Q

John Brown

A

Violent Abolitionist who believed God had chosen him to end slavery

111
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

The most famous conductor of the Underground Railroad

112
Q

Underground Railroad

A

Secret travel system for slaves to escape to the north

113
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

AA abolitionist that escaped slavery and edited an anti-slavery newspaper called the “North Star”

114
Q

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

A

First ever American Best Seller book that dealt with the issue of slavery

115
Q

Fugitive Slave Act

A

Act that forced all people to help get escaped slaves back to their owners

116
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

Act that overthrew the Missouri Compromise and said states would vote on slavery

117
Q

Bleeding Kansas

A

Time when the people in Kansas fought each other over slavery

118
Q

The Sumner-Brooks Incident

A

Senator Charles Sumner lashed out against Andrew P Butler for supporting slavery, and Butlers cousin Preston Brooks beat Sumner with his cane

119
Q

Raid on Harper’s Ferry

A

Raid by John Brown to start a slave rebellion by arming them but failed

120
Q

Dred Scott v Sandford

A

Supreme Court case that slave Dred Scot was in a free state for a short time and thus he was freed, but failed

121
Q

Lincoln-Douglass debates

A

Debates on the issue of slavery for senate seat were Lincoln lost, but gave his famous “House Divided”

122
Q

Election of 1860

A

Election for president that Abraham Lincoln wins in

123
Q

Causes of the Civil War

A

Secession, states rights, and slavery

124
Q

Fort Sumter

A

First Battle of the Civil War started by the Southerners, but no one was killed in the Battle

125
Q

Ulysses S Grant

A

Lead General of the Union Army

126
Q

Robert E Lee

A

Lead Southern General that was against slavery, but couldn’t see himself fighting against his home state of Virginia

127
Q

Stonewall Jackson

A

Confederate general that was gifted in Tactics and was most well known next to Robert E Lee

128
Q

First Battle of Bull Run

A

First major Battle fought near Manassas Junction that was a Rebel Victory

129
Q

Anaconda Plan

A

Union Plan to defeat the Rebels by dividing them in two

130
Q

54th Massachusetts

A

Well known Union Regiment that was made up of African Americans

131
Q

The Battle of Gettysburg

A

Union forces retreated to the mountains, but later win due to the Rebels charging directly at them, making them easy targets

132
Q

The Battle of Vicksburg

A

Battle led by Ulysses S Grant that was considered the turning point of the war

133
Q

Sherman’s march to the sea

A

General William Sherman burned Atlanta and marched towards Savannah, Georgia

134
Q

Lee surrendering

A

After the CSA capital fell, Lee surrenders to save his men from dying

135
Q

13th amendment

A

Abolished slavery

136
Q

14th amendment

A

Gave full citizenship to everyone born in the USA

137
Q

15th amendment

A

Gave AA men the right to vote

138
Q

Lincoln assassination

A

Shot at Ford’s theatre
The murderer was John Wilkes Booth
He died at the Petersen House

139
Q

10 percent Plan and radical republican plan

A

When 10% of a state pledged loyalty, then it would be re admitted, but radicals wanted harsher plans

140
Q

Freedman’s Bureau

A

Agency that helped black slaves make the transition to freedom

141
Q

Segregation

A

Separation of white and colored, as long as they’re both equal

142
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

Laws that required whites and blacks to be separated in all public places

143
Q

The Ku Klux Klan

A

The largest anti African American terrorist organization in the south

8th History (5 decks)

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