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The Female Reproductive System (Chapter 15) > The Female Reproductive System : Key Terms > Flashcards

The Female Reproductive System : Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

clitoris

A

a small erectile body anterior to the urethral opening that is similar to the penis

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2
Q

contraception

A

the prevention of pregnancy

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3
Q

corpus luteum

A

the small yellow structure that develops from the ovarian follicle after ovulation and secretes progesterone and estrogen

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4
Q

cul-de-sac

A

a blind pouch, such as the recess between the rectum and the uterus; the rectouterine pouch or pouch of Douglas

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5
Q

endometrium

A

the inner lining of the uterus

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6
Q

estrogen

A

a group of hormones that produce female characteristics and prepare the uterus for the fertilized egg. The most active of this is estradiol

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7
Q

fallopian tube/uterine tube

A

a tube extending from the upper lateral portion of the uterus that carries the ovum to the uterus; oviduct

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8
Q

fimbriae

A

the long finger -like extensions of the uterine tube that wave to capture the release ovum

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9
Q

FSH

A

follicle stimulating hormone: a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that acts on the gonads. In the female, it stimulates ripening of ova in the ovary

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10
Q

fornix

A

an arch-like space, such as the space between the uppermost wall of the vagina and the cervix

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11
Q

labia majora

A

the two large folds of skin that form the sides of the vulva

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12
Q

labia minora

A

the two small folds of skin within the labia majora

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13
Q

LH

A

luteinizing hormone: a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that acts on the gonads. In the female, it stimulates ovulation and corpus luteum formation

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14
Q

mammary gland

A

a specialized gland capable of secreting milk in the female; the breast

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15
Q

menarche

A

the first menstrual period, which normally occurs during puberty

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16
Q

menopause

A

cessation of menstrual cycles in the female

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17
Q

menstruation

A

the cyclic discharge of blood and mucosal tissues from the lining of the nonpregnant uterus; menstrual period, menses

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18
Q

myometrium

A

the muscular wall of the uterus

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19
Q

ovarian follicle

A

the cluster of cells in which the ovum ripens in the ovary

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20
Q

ovary

A

a female gonad

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21
Q

ovulation

A

the release of a mature ovum from the ovary

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22
Q

ovum

A

the female gamete or reproductive cell

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23
Q

perineum

A

the region between the thighs from the external genitalia to the anus

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24
Q

progesterone

A

a hormone produced by the corpus luteum and the placenta that maintains the endometrium for pregnancy

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25
Q

tubal ligation

A

surgical constriction of the uterine tubes to produce sterilization

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26
Q

uterus

A

the organ that receives the fertilized egg and maintains the developing offspring during pregnancy

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27
Q

vagina

A

the muscular tube between the cervix and the vulva

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28
Q

vuvla

A

the external female genital organs

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29
Q

cervix

A

neck. Usually means the narrow portion of the uterus ; cervix uteri

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30
Q

candidiasis

A

infection with the fungus Candida, a common cause of vaginitis

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31
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful or difficult menstruation. A common disorder that may be cause by infection, use of an intrauterine device, endometriosis, overproduction of prostaglandins, or other factors

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32
Q

endometriosis

A

growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, usually in the pelvic cavity

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33
Q

fibroid

A

benign tumor of smooth muscle

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34
Q

leiomyoma

A

benign tumor of smooth muscle, usually in the uterine wall (myometrium). In the uterus, may cause bleeding and pressure on the bladder or rectum. Aka fibroid or myoma

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35
Q

PID

A

pelvic inflammatory disease: condition caused by the spread of infection from the reproductive tract into the pelvic cavity. Commonly caused by sexually transmitted gonorrhea and Chlamydia infections

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36
Q

salpingitis

A

inflammation of a uterine tube; typically caused by UTI or STI. Chronic salpingitis may lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancy (development of the fertilized egg outside of the uterus)

37
Q

vaginitis

A

inflammation of the vagina

38
Q

colposcope

A

instrument for examining the vagina and cervix

39
Q

cone biopsy

A

removal of a cone of tissue from the cervical lining for cytologic examination; aka conization

40
Q

dilation and curettage (D&C)

A

procedure in which the cervix is dilated (widened) and the uterine lining is scraped with a curette

41
Q

hysterectomy

A

surgical removal of the uterus. Most commonly done because of tumors. Often the uterine tubes and ovaries are removed as well.

42
Q

mammography

A

radiographic study of the breast for detection of breast ca; the image obtained is a mammogram

43
Q

oophorectomy

A

excision of an ovary

44
Q

pap smear

A

study of cells collected from the cervix and vagina for early detection of ca. Aka papanicolaou smear or pap test

45
Q

salpingectomy

A

surgical removal of the uterine tube

46
Q

sentinel node biopsy

A

biopsy of the first lymph nodes to receive drainage from a tumor; used to determine spread of cancer in planning tx

47
Q

stereotactic biopsy

A

needle biopsy using a computer-guided imaging system to locate suspicious tissue and remove samples for study

48
Q

amniotic sac

A

the membranous sac filled with fluid that holds the fetus, aka amnion

49
Q

Apgar score

A

the system of rating an infant’s physical condition immediately after birth. Five features are rated 0,1,or 2 at one and 5 minutes after delivery and sometimes thereafter. The maximal possible score at each interval is 10. Infants with low scores require medical attention.

50
Q

chorion

A

The outermost layer of the embryo that, with the endometrium, forms the placenta

51
Q

colostrum

A

breast fluid that is secreted in the first few days after giving birth before milk is produced

52
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

a fetal blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery with the descending aorta, thus allowing blood to bypass the lungs

53
Q

embryo

A

the stage in development between the zygote and the fetus; extending from the 2nd to the 8th week of growth in the uterus

54
Q

fertilization

A

the union of an ovum and spermatozoon

55
Q

fetus

A

the developing child in the uterus from the third month to birth

56
Q

foramen ovale

A

a small hole in the interatrial septum in the fetal heart that allows blood to pass directly from the RT to the LT side of the heart

57
Q

gestation

A

the period of development from conception of birth

58
Q

gravida

A

pregnant woman

59
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

A

a hormone secreted by the embryo early in pregnancy that maintains the corpus lutuem so that it will continue to secrete hormones

60
Q

lactation

A

the secretion of milk from the mammary glands

61
Q

oxytocin

A

a pituitary hormone that stimulates contractions of the uterus. It also stimulates release (“letdown”) of milk from the breasts

62
Q

para

A

woman who has produced a viable infant. Multiple births are considered as single pregnancies

63
Q

parturition

A

childbirth

64
Q

placenta

A

the organ composed of fetal and maternal tissues that nourished and maintains the developing fetus

65
Q

prostaglandins

A

a group of hormones with varied effects, including the stimulation of uterine contractions

66
Q

umbilical cord

A

the structure that connects the fetus to the placenta. It contains vessels that carry blood between the mother and the fetus

67
Q

zygote

A

the fertilized ovum

68
Q

abortion

A

termination of a pregnancy before the fetus is capable of surviving outside the uterus, usually at 20 weeks or 500g. May be spontaneous or induced. A spontaneous abortion is commonly called a miscarriage.

69
Q

anencephaly

A

congenital absence of the brain

70
Q

atresia

A

congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening

71
Q

carrier

A

an individual who has an unexpressed genetic defect that can be passed to his or her children

72
Q

cleft lip

A

a congenital separation of the upper lip

73
Q

cleft palate

A

a congenital split in the roof of the mouth

74
Q

congenital disorder

A

a disorder that is present at birth. May be developmental or hereditary (familial)

75
Q

eclampsia

A

conclusions and coma occurring during pregnancy or after delivery and associated with the conditions of pregnancy-induced hypertension

76
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

development of the fertilized ovum outside of the body of the uterus. Usually occurs in the uterine tube (tubal pregnancy) but may occur in other parts of the reproductive tract or abdominal cavity

77
Q

hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)

A

disease that results from Rh incompatibility between the blood of a mother and her fetus. An Rh negative mother produces antibody to Rh positive fetal red cells that enter her circulation. These antibodies can Rh- positive fetal red cells in a later pregnancy unless the mother is treated with antibodies to remove the Rh antigen. Formerly called erythroblastosis fetalis.

78
Q

mastitis

A

inflammation of the breast, usually associated with the early weeks of breast feeding

79
Q

mutation

A

a change in the genetic material of the cell. Most mutations are harmful. If the change appears in the sex cells, it can be passed to future generations.

80
Q

placental abruption

A

premature separation of the placenta; abruptio placentae

81
Q

placenta previa

A

placental attachment in the lower portion of the uterus instead of the upper portion, as is normal. May result in hemorrhage late in pregnancy

82
Q

pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)

A

a toxic condition of late pregnancy associated with hypertension, edema, and proteinuria that, if untreated, may lead to eclampsia. Aka preeclampsia and toxemia of pregnancy

83
Q

spina bifida

A

a congenital defect in the closure of the spinal column through which the spinal cord and its membranes may project

84
Q

teratogen

A

a factor that causes developmental abnormalities in the fetus

85
Q

amniocentesis

A

transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac to remove amniotic fluid for testing. Test on the cells and fluids obtained can reveal congenital abnormalities, blood incompatibility, and sex of the fetus

86
Q

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

A

removal of chorionic cells through the cervix for prenatal testing. Can be done earlier in pregnancy than amniocentesis.

87
Q

dilatation and evacuation (D & E )

A

widening of the cervix and removal of conception products by suction

88
Q

karyotype

A

a picture of cellular chromosomes arranged in order of decreasing size; can reveal abnormalities in the chromosomes themselves or in their number or arrangement

89
Q

ultrasonography

A

the use of high frequency sounds waves to produce a photograph of an organ or tissue. Used in obstetrics to dx pregnancy, multiple births, and abnormalities and also to study and measure the fetus. The image obtained is a sonogram or ultrasonogram.

The Female Reproductive System (Chapter 15) (2 decks)

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