The Federalist Era

Question 1

Who was elected President in the first election of 1789?

Answer 1

George Washington was elected unanimously.

Question 2

What title was given to the President?

Answer 2

Mr. President.

Question 3

What did the Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 establish?

Answer 3

It set up the federal courts.

Question 4

What was the purpose of the First Cabinet?

Answer 4

1. To help with the challenges facing the nation 2. To give advice to the President 3. To carry out orders.

Question 5

Who was the Vice President during Washington’s presidency?

Answer 5

John Adams.

Question 6

Who was the Secretary of State?

Answer 6

Thomas Jefferson.

Question 7

Who was the Secretary of Treasury?

Answer 7

Alexander Hamilton.

Question 8

Who was the Secretary of War?

Answer 8

Henry Knox.

Question 9

Who was the Attorney General?

Answer 9

Edmund Randolph.

Question 10

What health issue did Washington face?

Answer 10

He had a tumor removed from his leg and almost died.

Question 11

What was the debt from the Confederation Congress?

Answer 11

$52 million.

Question 12

What was Hamilton’s plan regarding taxes?

Answer 12

He wanted Congress to pass new taxes.

Question 13

What are tariffs?

Answer 13

Taxes on imports from other countries.

Question 14

What were the purposes of tariffs?

Answer 14

1. To create a steady flow of income for the government 2. To encourage Americans to buy American goods 3. To encourage the growth of American industry.

Question 15

What did the National Bank want?

Answer 15

One place for the nation’s money.

Question 16

What are the two interpretations of the Constitution?

Answer 16

Strict constructionism and loose constructionism.

Question 17

What does the necessary and proper clause allow?

Answer 17

The government to use powers not granted.

Question 18

What did strict constructionists believe?

Answer 18

The government only has powers listed in the Constitution.

Associated with Thomas Jefferson.

Question 19

What did loose constructionists believe?

Answer 19

The government can do what is necessary and proper for leading the country.

Associated with Alexander Hamilton.

Question 20

Where did Washington, D.C. try to place the capital?

Answer 20

In the middle of the U.S.

Question 21

Who surveyed and set the borders of the U.S.?

Answer 21

Benjamin Banneker.

Question 22

Who designed the city of Washington, D.C.?

Answer 22

Pierre L’Enfant.

Question 23

What did G.W. want for the President’s House?

Answer 23

He wanted people to design it.

Question 24

What was the prize for the contest held for the President’s House design?

Answer 24

$500.

Question 25

Who was the architect of the President's House?

Answer 25

James Hoban.

Question 26

Who was unanimously reelected in 1792?

Answer 26

George Washington ## Footnote This marked his second term as President.

Question 27

What challenges did the new government face regarding the Northwest Territory?

Answer 27

British soldiers and Native Americans did not recognize U.S. authority. ## Footnote The British influenced Native Americans by trading weapons.

Question 28

What was the outcome of the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794?

Answer 28

Native Americans fought against the U.S. army expecting British help, but they did not receive it and lost. ## Footnote This led to the Treaty of Greenville in 1795.

Question 29

What did the Treaty of Greenville (1795) accomplish?

Answer 29

It forced 12 tribes to give up land and move west.

Question 30

What was the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794?

Answer 30

It was a protest in Pennsylvania against attacks on whiskey production. ## Footnote Washington responded by leading 13,000 soldiers to suppress the rebellion.

Question 31

What was the French Revolution?

Answer 31

The French rebelled against monarchy in 1789, which changed American views as they initially supported it.

Question 32

What were the implications of the war between Britain and France for the U.S.?

Answer 32

It was awkward for the U.S. since France was an ally and Britain was a trading partner.

Question 33

What issue did impressment cause?

Answer 33

The British captured American sailors and forced them into the British navy.

Question 34

What was Jay's Treaty?

Answer 34

Britain agreed to pay for the ships they damaged.

Question 35

What did Pinckney's Treaty accomplish?

Answer 35

It granted the U.S. the right to use the Mississippi River and New Orleans. ## Footnote This made it easier for farmers to get goods to market.

Question 36

What were Washington's warnings in his Farewell Address (1796)?

Answer 36

He warned that political parties would split the nation and advised against involvement in foreign problems.

Question 37

What were the two main political parties during Washington's time?

Answer 37

Federalists, led by Hamilton, supported a strong central government, while Democratic-Republicans, led by Jefferson, advocated for agrarian interests.

Question 38

What was the election process established by the Constitution in 1796?

Answer 38

Each party nominated two candidates; the candidate with the most electoral votes became President, and the second most became Vice President.

Question 39

Who were the main candidates in the 1796 election?

Answer 39

Adams (Federalist) vs. Jefferson (Democratic-Republican).

Question 40

What was the outcome of the 1796 election?

Answer 40

Adams was elected President and Jefferson became Vice President.

Question 41

What was significant about the 1796 election?

Answer 41

It marked the first peaceful transfer of power from one person to another based on an election.

Question 42

What problems did the U.S. face with France during this period?

Answer 42

The French navy stopped trade with Britain.

Question 43

What was the XYZ Affair?

Answer 43

U.S. diplomats were asked to pay bribes before they could meet with French leaders.

Question 44

What were the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798?

Answer 44

They were deemed unconstitutional laws targeting immigrants and Democratic-Republicans.

Question 45

What did the Alien Act allow?

Answer 45

It allowed the President to deport dangerous foreigners.

Question 46

What did the Sedition Act make a crime?

Answer 46

It made it a crime to write false criticisms of the government.

Question 47

Who introduced the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions?

Answer 47

They were introduced by Madison and Jefferson to fight the Alien and Sedition Acts.

Question 48

What principle did the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions promote?

Answer 48

States' rights; states could choose not to enforce federal laws they deemed unconstitutional.

Question 49

What did George Washington do after his second term?

Answer 49

He retired and enjoyed being a grandfather and farmer.

Question 50

When did George Washington pass away?

Answer 50

He died on December 14, 1799 at Mount Vernon.

Question 51

What were the two main political parties in the early United States?

Answer 51

Democratic-Republicans and Federalists

Question 52

What did the Democratic-Republicans believe in?

Answer 52

Faith in the common people

Question 53

What did the Federalists believe about governance?

Answer 53

Thought the rich, educated, and well-born should rule

Question 54

What type of government did the Democratic-Republicans favor?

Answer 54

A weak central government and strong state governments

Question 55

What interpretation of the Constitution did the Democratic-Republicans favor?

Answer 55

A strict interpretation of the Constitution

Question 56

What type of government did the Federalists favor?

Answer 56

A strong central government

Question 57

What interpretation of the Constitution did the Federalists favor?

Answer 57

A loose interpretation of the Constitution

Question 58

What economic policies did the Democratic-Republicans support?

Answer 58

Favored farming and opposed the National Bank

Question 59

What economic policies did the Federalists support?

Answer 59

Favored the National Bank and manufacturing, trade, finance

Question 60

What was the Democratic-Republicans' stance on foreign affairs?

Answer 60

Felt obliged to help France

Question 61

What was the Federalists' stance on foreign affairs?

Answer 61

Supported Britain

Question 62

Who were the key figures of the Democratic-Republicans?

Answer 62

Jefferson and Madison

Question 63

Who supported the Democratic-Republicans?

Answer 63

Farmers, tradespeople, frontier settlers ## Footnote Strong support in the South, Southwest, and frontier

Question 64

Who were the key figures of the Federalists?

Answer 64

Hamilton and Adams

Question 65

Who supported the Federalists?

Answer 65

Bankers, lawyers, manufacturers ## Footnote Strong support in New England and Atlantic Coast