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Module 4 Orbit, Globe, Eyelids, TEL > The Eyelids > Flashcards

The Eyelids Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the eyelids?

A

To distribute tears and protection

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2
Q

What % is the upper eyelid responsible for in blinking?

A

75%

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3
Q

In embryology where do the eyelids come from?

A

Surface ectoderm

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4
Q

Which nerve innervates blinking?

A

CN VII

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5
Q

What glands are on the eyelid margin (3) and what do they do?

A

Anterior border;
Zeis- sebaceous glands
Moll- sweat glands

Eyelid Margin (grey line);
Meibomian glands - lipid portion of tears
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6
Q

Where is the mucous part of the tear film produced?

By what?

A

Palpebral conjunctiva

Goblet cells

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7
Q

What gland does the third eyelid have?

What does it produce

A

Acinar gland

1/3 aqueous tear production

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8
Q

Where do dogs and cats have cilia? Upper or lower or both eyelids?

A

Only upper

Dogs 2 rows, cats 1 row

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9
Q

What is the treatment for premature eyelid opening?

A

Topical lubricants

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10
Q

What is ophthalmia neonatorum?
What is the risk of leaving this?
What can be the cause in dogs and cats?
What is the treatment?

A

Infection or the conjunctival sac prior to lid opening

Ulceration

Herpes virus

Opening eyelids with blunt ended scissors
Flushing
Topical ABs, lubricants

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11
Q

What is ankylobleparon?

A

Failure for eyelids to open normally by 10-14d post natally

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12
Q

Where is eyelid agenesis (coloboma) normally placed?

A

Dorsolateral position

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13
Q

What breeds is distichia common?

Where are the hairs coming from?

A

Miniature long haired dachshund
English & American cocker spaniels

Meibomian glands

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14
Q

Which are the common breeds for ectopic cilia?

A

Flat coated retrievers
Poodles
Pugs

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15
Q

Which breeds are common for entropion?

A

Shar Pei
Bulldog
Rottweiler

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16
Q

What is lateral epiphora almost pathognomonic for?

A

Lateral canthal entropion

17
Q

What is the treatment for senile entropion?

Which breed is this common in?

A

Stades procedure

English cocker spaniel

18
Q

What is the treatment for ectropion?

A

Wedge resection

19
Q

What is a hordeolum?

What is the treatment?

A

Infection of one of the eyelid marginal glands (zeis/ moll/ meibomian)

Warm compress
Lanced/ curetted
Systemic and topical ABs for 2-4w (doxy good)

20
Q

What is a chalazion?

What is the treatment?

A

Rupture of meibomian gland

Curettage and maxitrol

21
Q

What is the treatment for juvenile blepharitis (puppy strangles)?

What is the cause?

A

Systemic ABs and corticosteroids

Marked inflammatory reaction due to staphylococcal toxins

22
Q

What are the causes of blepharitis?

A 
Bacterial - staph/strep
Leishmania
Demodex/ sarcoptes
Fungal (dermatophyte, ringworm)
Immune mediated (pemphigus, UVD, atopy)
23
Q

What muscle pulls the upper eyelid up?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

24
Q

With prolapsed nictitans gland what is the % of recurrence after the

  • first surgery?
  • second surgery?
A

First; 5-20%

Second; 50%

25
Q

Give some differentials of third eyelid protrusion.

A 
Enophthalmos
Retrobulbar (extraconal) mass
Horner’s syndrome 
Dysautonomia
Cannabis intoxication
Tetanus
Rabies
Toravirus in cats
26
Q

What is plasmoma?
What are the clinical signs?
Treatment?
What dogs are commonly affected?

A

Plasma cell infiltration of the third eyelid conjunctiva, immune mediated

Bilateral thickening TEL with nodules on the TEL margin (pink/ tan)- looks like depigmentation

0.2% Ciclosporin ointment (+/- corticosteroid drops initially)

GSD, collies, Belgian Shepherd

27
Q

Which breed is predisposed to nodular granulomatous episclerokeratitis?

A

Collies

28
Q

What are the treatment options for nodular granulomatous episclerokeratitis?

A

Topical corticosteroids (May be needed long term at a maintenance dose)
Systemic azothioprine/ ciclosporin
Excision + cryotherapy/ beta-irradiation (strontium 90)

29
Q

In embryology where does the striated muscles of the eyelids come from?

A

Mesoderm

30
Q

In embryology where does the tarsal plate come from?

A

Neural crest mesenchyme

31
Q

Which nerve innervates the orbicularis oculi?
Levator palebrae superioris?
Mullers muscles?

A

VII
III
Sympathetic nerves

32
Q

The trigeminal nerve V ophthalmic branch is sensory to which part of the eyelid?
Maxillary branch?

A

Ophthalmic branch- upper and medial

Maxillary branch- lower and lateral

33
Q

Which is;

Gland of third eyelid?
Gland of Zeiss
Gland of moll
Meibomian gland 
Goblet cells
A
34
Q

What nerve issues can cause drooping of upper eyelid?

A

Denervation of the Levator palpebrae superioris (CN III)

Horners syndrome - Denervation of Muller’s myself of eyelids (sympathetic)

35
Q

are melanomas aggressive in the eyelid? In the conjunctiva?

A

Not aggressive in the eyelid, are aggressive in the conjunctiva!

Module 4 Orbit, Globe, Eyelids, TEL (4 decks)

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