The Eyelids Flashcards
What is the function of the eyelids?
To distribute tears and protection
What % is the upper eyelid responsible for in blinking?
75%
In embryology where do the eyelids come from?
Surface ectoderm
Which nerve innervates blinking?
CN VII
What glands are on the eyelid margin (3) and what do they do?
Anterior border;
Zeis- sebaceous glands
Moll- sweat glands
Eyelid Margin (grey line); Meibomian glands - lipid portion of tears
Where is the mucous part of the tear film produced?
By what?
Palpebral conjunctiva
Goblet cells
What gland does the third eyelid have?
What does it produce
Acinar gland
1/3 aqueous tear production
Where do dogs and cats have cilia? Upper or lower or both eyelids?
Only upper
Dogs 2 rows, cats 1 row
What is the treatment for premature eyelid opening?
Topical lubricants
What is ophthalmia neonatorum?
What is the risk of leaving this?
What can be the cause in dogs and cats?
What is the treatment?
Infection or the conjunctival sac prior to lid opening
Ulceration
Herpes virus
Opening eyelids with blunt ended scissors
Flushing
Topical ABs, lubricants
What is ankylobleparon?
Failure for eyelids to open normally by 10-14d post natally
Where is eyelid agenesis (coloboma) normally placed?
Dorsolateral position
What breeds is distichia common?
Where are the hairs coming from?
Miniature long haired dachshund
English & American cocker spaniels
Meibomian glands
Which are the common breeds for ectopic cilia?
Flat coated retrievers
Poodles
Pugs
Which breeds are common for entropion?
Shar Pei
Bulldog
Rottweiler
What is lateral epiphora almost pathognomonic for?
Lateral canthal entropion
What is the treatment for senile entropion?
Which breed is this common in?
Stades procedure
English cocker spaniel
What is the treatment for ectropion?
Wedge resection
What is a hordeolum?
What is the treatment?
Infection of one of the eyelid marginal glands (zeis/ moll/ meibomian)
Warm compress
Lanced/ curetted
Systemic and topical ABs for 2-4w (doxy good)
What is a chalazion?
What is the treatment?
Rupture of meibomian gland
Curettage and maxitrol
What is the treatment for juvenile blepharitis (puppy strangles)?
What is the cause?
Systemic ABs and corticosteroids
Marked inflammatory reaction due to staphylococcal toxins
What are the causes of blepharitis?
Bacterial - staph/strep Leishmania Demodex/ sarcoptes Fungal (dermatophyte, ringworm) Immune mediated (pemphigus, UVD, atopy)
What muscle pulls the upper eyelid up?
Levator palpebrae superioris
With prolapsed nictitans gland what is the % of recurrence after the
- first surgery?
- second surgery?
First; 5-20%
Second; 50%
Give some differentials of third eyelid protrusion.
Enophthalmos Retrobulbar (extraconal) mass Horner’s syndrome Dysautonomia Cannabis intoxication Tetanus Rabies Toravirus in cats
What is plasmoma?
What are the clinical signs?
Treatment?
What dogs are commonly affected?
Plasma cell infiltration of the third eyelid conjunctiva, immune mediated
Bilateral thickening TEL with nodules on the TEL margin (pink/ tan)- looks like depigmentation
0.2% Ciclosporin ointment (+/- corticosteroid drops initially)
GSD, collies, Belgian Shepherd
Which breed is predisposed to nodular granulomatous episclerokeratitis?
Collies
What are the treatment options for nodular granulomatous episclerokeratitis?
Topical corticosteroids (May be needed long term at a maintenance dose)
Systemic azothioprine/ ciclosporin
Excision + cryotherapy/ beta-irradiation (strontium 90)
In embryology where does the striated muscles of the eyelids come from?
Mesoderm
In embryology where does the tarsal plate come from?
Neural crest mesenchyme
Which nerve innervates the orbicularis oculi?
Levator palebrae superioris?
Mullers muscles?
VII
III
Sympathetic nerves
The trigeminal nerve V ophthalmic branch is sensory to which part of the eyelid?
Maxillary branch?
Ophthalmic branch- upper and medial
Maxillary branch- lower and lateral
Which is;
Gland of third eyelid? Gland of Zeiss Gland of moll Meibomian gland Goblet cells
What nerve issues can cause drooping of upper eyelid?
Denervation of the Levator palpebrae superioris (CN III)
Horners syndrome - Denervation of Muller’s myself of eyelids (sympathetic)
are melanomas aggressive in the eyelid? In the conjunctiva?
Not aggressive in the eyelid, are aggressive in the conjunctiva!
