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Neuro > The Eye and Vision (16/02/24) > Flashcards

The Eye and Vision (16/02/24) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three layers of the eye? (Outer to inner)

A

Sclera and cornea
Uvea
Retina

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2
Q

What are the two outer layers of the eye made up of? What characteristics do they have? How much refractive power are they responsible for?

A

Collagen
Tough and Transparent
2/3 of refractive power of eye

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3
Q

What are the 5 layers of the Outer layer of the eye?

A

Epithelium
Bowmans layers
Stroma
Descemets layer
Endothelium

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4
Q

What is the middle layer of the eye made up of? (3)

A

Iris
Ciliary body
Choroid

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5
Q

What is the iris? What does it contain?

A

Coloured part at front of eye
Contains dilator and sphinctor pupillae muscles

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6
Q

What is the structure of the ciliary body? What does it produce?

A

Glandular epithelium and smooth muscle (controls accomodation)
Glandular epithelium produces aqueous humour

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7
Q

What is the structure and function of the Choroid?

A

Heat sink
Blood supply to outer third of retina

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8
Q

What is the function of The Retina?

A

Specialised organ of phototransduction with many layers

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9
Q

What divides the Anterior and posterior aspects of the eye?

A

The lens

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10
Q

What two fluids are found in the anterior segment and posterior segment of eye respectively? What are their functions?

A

Aqueous humour and Vitreous humour
Maintain function in the eye

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11
Q

What secretes aqueous humour? Where is it collected? Where does it pass through?

A

Glandular epithelium of the Ciliary body (Ciliary process)
In between the iris and cornea in the anterior chamber
Passes through the Pupil

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12
Q

The functions of the three layers in the eye?

A

Protection
Nutrition
Vision

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13
Q

What are the two types of photoreceptor cells in the retina?

A

Rod and cone cells

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14
Q

What structure is responsible for central vision? What is the centre of it called?

A

Macula Lutea
Fovea centralis

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15
Q

What is the Macula Lutea responsible for? What is this?

A

Visual acuity
a measure of the ability of the eye to distinguish shapes and the details of objects at a given distance

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16
Q

What Vitreous humour in the Posterior segment contain? (3)

A

Avascular viscoestalic gel
Hyaluronic acid
Collagen

17
Q

What is the tear film in the eye? How many layers does it have?

A

Interface between the ocular epithelium and the outer environment
3 layers

18
Q

What are the three layers of the Tear film?

A

Oily layer
Middle aqueous layer
Posterior mucous layer

19
Q

Where are the lipids in the oily layer secreted from? What do they provide?

A

Secreted by Meibomium glands
Provides hydrophobic barrier to prevent aqueous layer from evaporating

20
Q

What secretes the aqueous layer of the tear? What is the layers function?

A

Lacrimal glands
Regulates transport through cornea and prevents infection

21
Q

What secretes the posterior mucous layer of the tear film? What does it allow for?

A

Goblet cells
Provides hydrophillic layer and allows for even distribution of tear film

22
Q

What is located at the outer most layer of the retina?

A

Retinal pigment epithelium

23
Q

What are the 6 layers of the Retina Inner most to outermost?

A

Retinal Ganglion cells
Mullers Glial cells
Amacrine and horizontal cells
Bipolar cells
Retinal photoreceptors

24
Q

Function of Horizontal and amacrine cells in the retina

A

Modulate signals

25
Q

What supplies the outer 1/3 of the retina? What supplies the inner 2/3 of retina?

A

Choroid (Posterior ciliary arteries)
Central retinal artery (Inner 2/3)

26
Q

Where does the Optic tract synapse into the Parietal and Temporal radiation? Where is this located?

A

Lateral Geniculate nucleus
Thalamus

27
Q

How does the optic tract give fibres to the Edinger-westphal nucleus? Which cranial nerve is the Edinger-westphal nucleus connected to?

A

Synapses at the pretectal nuclei to get to the Edinger-westphal
Oculomotor nerve (CN3)

28
Q

What

A

Neuro (4 decks)

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