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science of visual perception > the eye and the visual stimulus > Flashcards

the eye and the visual stimulus Flashcards

1
Q

what is the iris

A

loose open muscular membrane in the centre forming the pupil

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2
Q

what is the pupil

A

centre opening of iris that allows light to enter

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3
Q

why does the pupil change size

A

it varies with light intensity and size

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4
Q

what is the cornea

A

domelike optical structure covering the pupil and iris and is the refracting element of the eye

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5
Q

what is the sclera

A

tough fibrous outer coat that provides structural strength

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6
Q

what is the conjuctiva

A

covers the sclera and extends over the eyelids

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7
Q

what is the tear film

A

it covers the cornea and conjuctiva

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8
Q

what is the limbus

A

where cornea and sclera meet

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9
Q

what is the punctum lacrimalis

A

opening to the tear drainage system

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10
Q

lacrimal caruncle

A

small white/pink raised area in the corner of the eye

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11
Q

what is the aqueous humour

A

clear fluid in the anterior chamber

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12
Q

what is a lens

A

crystalline transparent structure attached to the ciliary body and suspended by thin fibrils

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13
Q

how does the lens shape change

A

by action of the ciliary muscle

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14
Q

what is the choroid

A

vascular layer that sits between retina and sclera. It also provides nutrients to the eye

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15
Q

what is the vitreous

A

clear jelly like structure which sits behind the lens

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16
Q

what is the retina

A

light sensitive organ containing photoreceptors

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17
Q

what is the fovea

A

central retinal pit that contains only cones

18
Q

what is the macula

A

surrounds the fovea and appears yellow due to pigment

19
Q

what is the visual and optical axis

A

visual axis- line drawn from the fovea to the point an eye is gazing at
optical axis- line through the optical centre

20
Q

what is light

A

a wave and stream of particles

21
Q

what is a quantum

A

unit of energy

22
Q

what is light as waves used for

A

to explain diffraction, interference and polarisation

23
Q

what is light as rays used for

A

to understand the optical pathway through systems

24
Q

what is light as quanta used for

A

to understand processes in the photoreceptors

25
Q

what is frequency

A

number of cycles per sec

26
Q

what is the energy equation

A

E= hv
h= planks constant(6.626 x 10^-34) joules per sec
v= frequency in Hz
OR
E+hc/λ
c=speed of light
λ= wavelength

27
Q

what is the wavelength equation

A

λ=c/v
c=speed f light in a vacuum
v=frequency

28
Q

what is the relationship with frequency and wavelength

A

the lower the frequency the longer the wavelength

29
Q

what is the unit for wavelength

A

nanometers

30
Q

what is radiometry

A

measurement of the quantity of energy of the electromagnetic radiation using physical energy units and radiometric devices.

31
Q

what Is photometry

A

measure of visible radiation (usually between 380-750nm)

32
Q

What is luminance flux/power (F) and what is it measured in

A

total amount of light emitted by a source in all directions- its photometric unit is in unit of lumen lm and its radiometric is radiant power or flux joules/sec

33
Q

what is luminous intensity(l)

A

Measure of light from a solid angle from a point source in a particular direction- its photometric unit is in candela cd(one lumen=one candela) and its radiometric unit is radian intensity watts

34
Q

what is luminance and its units

A

amount of light coming off an extended surface in a particular direction- its photometric unit is candelas/m2 and its radiometric is in radiance watts

35
Q

what is illuminance and what are its units

A

amount of luminance power falling onto an area of a certain surface- its photometric unit is unit of lumens(lumens/ m2) and its radiometric unit is irradiance Ee

36
Q

How does the visual response begin

A

When light passes into the rods and cones in the eye

37
Q

what does the amount of light that falls on the retina depend on

A

it depends on the luminance of the stimulus, the optical transmission of the eye(how much light gets into the retina) and the area of the pupil

38
Q

what is the unit for the amount of light reaching the retina

A

Troland

39
Q

How do you work out the retinal illuminance

A

E ret= L(luminence) x a(pupil area)

40
Q

what is brightness

A

perception of the amount of light (also depends on the surround)

41
Q

what is the lightness

A

perception of the surface colour

42
Q
A

science of visual perception (2 decks)

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