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The Eye > The Eye > Flashcards

The Eye Flashcards

1
Q

The eyelid

A

Description: fold of skin which covers the eye
Purpose: cleaning and protecting the eye

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2
Q

Cornea

A

Description: transparent covering of the eye
Purpose: protecting the eye; helping coverage (blend and join) light rays that enter the eye

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3
Q

Sclera

A

Description: white part of the eye made of tough collagen fibres
Purpose: providing protection and support

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4
Q

Retina

A

Description: layer of light sensitive cells (photoreceptors) at the back of the eye
Purpose: detecting light rays that are focused by the cornea and lens

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5
Q

Choroid

A

Description: layer of blood vessels with a black pigment
Purpose: nourishing the eye and absorbing light

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6
Q

Iris

A

Description: a ring of muscle around the pupil, provides the eye colour
Purpose: controlling the amount of light that enters the eye

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7
Q

Pupil

A

Description: hole in the middle of the eye
Purpose: allowing light to enter the eye

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8
Q

Lens

A

Description: transparent, flexible and can change shape due to the ciliary muscles
Purpose: focusing light onto the retina and focusing on objects

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9
Q

Ciliary body

A

Description: attached to the underside of the lens
Purpose: producing aqueous humour and helps with focusing by altering the shape of the lens

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10
Q

Vitreous humour

A

Description: located behind the lens
Purpose: giving the eyeball it’s shape

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11
Q

Aqueous humour

A

Description: found behind the cornea
Purpose: helping to keep its rounded shape; provides nutrients to the cornea and lens

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12
Q

Lateral rectus muscle

A

Description: found on the lateral side of the eye
Purpose: helping orientate the pupil away from the centre of the body

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13
Q

Medial rectus muscle

A

Description: found on the medial side of the eye
Purpose: helping orientate the pupil towards the centre of the body

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14
Q

Fovea

A

Description: spot located in the macula, which has a high density of cone cells
Purpose: giving Sharp central vision; light is focused onto this spot by the lens

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15
Q

Optic disc

A

Description: blind spots where there are no photoreceptors
Purpose: where the optic disc leaves the eye

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16
Q

Optic nerve

A

Description: bundle of fibres
Purpose: relaying information from the retina and fovea to the brain

17
Q

The vision process

A

1) light rays are refracted & focused on pupil as they entre through cornea. Muscles in iris contract / relax controlling amount of light entering pupil
2) lens refracts light more so focused on retina
3) photoreceptors in retina respond to energy from light & generate action potentials = sent along optic nerve to brain for processing

18
Q

Rods

A

. Light sensitive
. Function in dark
. Single pigment called rhodopsin
. Cannot detect colour = shades of grey
. Low level of visual sharpness
. Share connection to optic nerve

19
Q

Cones

A

. Function at higher intensity than rods
. See in colour
. Contain photo pigments iodopsin = responds to colour
. Range of colours depends on cone type
. High level of visual sharpness
. Single connection to optic nerve

20
Q

Use of light ( bleaching & depolarisation)

A

1) light detected by rods
2) rhodopsins is broken down into opsin and retinal via process bleaching
3) caused depolarisation = action potentials transmitted via optic nerve to brain

. Rhodopsin generated slowly so cones provide visual info when light levels are high as rhodopsin is unable to effectively generate

21
Q

Nocturnal animals eye adaptions
(There are 4)

A

1) larger eyes with wider pupils = capture more light
2) higher concentration of rod cells
3) slit pupils = easier to contact than round
4) tapetum lucidum. Contains reflective pigment which aids sight in dark. Maximises light available by reflecting it back through photoreceptors, stimulating more receptor cells

22
Q

The pupillary light reflex

A

Adjusts the size of pupil in response to amount of light present. Helps protect photoreceptors from damage

23
Q

Predator eye adaptations

A

. Binocular vision (eye overlaps at front = 3D image)
. Eyes = front of face so narrower field of vision
. Focus = good depth perception
. Owls have field of vision of 110°, eyes are elongated so cannot rotate in socket. Large number of rod cells and wide range of pupil size helps them to hunt in dark

24
Q

Prey eye adaptations

A

. Monocular vision, each eye works independently overlaps small area
. Eyes in side of head
. Wider field of vision
. Poor depth perception
. Sheep have field of vison = 270°, eyes are high up in skull giving better vison when grazing and rectangular pupils increase accuracy of depth perception when grazing

The Eye (1 decks)

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