The extent of detente up to 1979 Flashcards
When does Nixon visit China?
February 1972
When is SALT I agreed?
May 1972
When is the basic treaty signed?
October 1972
When does Nixon resign?
1974
When was the Vladivostok summit?
November 1974
When were the Helsinki accords finalised?
August 1975
When was the Vienna summit?
June 1979
When had there been limitation talks in the past and what happened to prevent these?
Moscow Test ban treaty in 1963 and Non-Proliferation treaty but delayed by Soviet intervention into Czechoslovakia.
When and what was the Anti-Ballistic Missile treaty? What was the impact?
26th May in 1972- limited both USSR and USA to two fields of ABMS (each with no more than 100 missiles, one around capital and one to protect ICBMs).
- slowed nuclear arms race.
- treaty showed that both superpowers recognised each others destructive capabilities.
- both countries kept developing tactical ABM’s
- in force for next 30 years
When and what was the Interim Agreement on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms? What was the impact?
26th May in 1972- established a freeze on strategic missiles eg 1054 ICBMs for the USA and 1618 for the Soviet Union.
- agreement to remain valid for 5 years.
- made no provision for limitations on new tech such as MIRVs or cruise missiles
Why was SALT important?
Opened the way for a new era of negotiation rather than confrontation. Placed both superpowers on an even playing field.
Aims and Agreements at Moscow treaty may 1972?
- Featured signing of ABM treaty and SALT I
- agreed on 12 principles of behaviour eg peaceful coexistence and determination to avoid things that could harm this, acceptance of special responsibility.
- Nixon becomes first to visit Moscow
Limitations of 1972 Moscow Summit
- not legal principles, simply aspirations to the US
- still needed more wide-ranging and long-term solutions
Aims and Agreements at Vladivostok November 1974?
- aimed to extend arms control provisions between USA and USSR.
- arms control measures 2400 ballistic missiles and 1320 MIRVs.
- Framework for a 10 year plan
Limitations of Vladivostok 1974
Aims and Agreements of the Vienna Summit June 1979
- SALT II finalised and agreed
- Restrictions on ICBM and SLBM’s to under 2400, strategic arms to under 2250
Limitations of the Vienna Summit 1979
- conversations were largely scripted and didn’t deviate much from the opinions established by diplomats- mean’t leaders couldn’t directly communicate with one another but still publicly recognised the responsibility held by one another.
What was the Hallstein Doctrine
West German policy that it would not recognise the East and would cut relations with any state other than the USSR that recognised them
What was Willy Brandts aims for Ostpolitik?
- abandon Hallstein Doctrine
- recognise East Germany and the creation of the Oder-Neisse border between Germany and Poland
Why was there a major breakthrough in the development of European detente in December 1972?
‘The Basic Treaty’ Two Germany’s signed an agreement recognising each other.
When were the Helsinki accords?
1975
What did the Helsinki accords include?
1) Security in Europe eg peaceful settlement of disputes, non-intervention in the affairs of states, recognising frontiers, advance notices of military exercises.
2) Cooperation in the Field of economics, Science, technology and the environment eg promotion of tourism.
3) Cooperation in Humanitarian and other fields eg cultural and educational exchange.
What were the Soviet views on Helsinki?
- not interested in human rights issues and reluctant to accept provisions on advanced notice of military exercises by committed to East-West detente and decreasing barriers between states to increase economic activity.
What was the American position on Helsinki?
- Didn’t want to accept political status quo eg an Eastern Europe under USSR control but still committed.
How did Detente develop with China?
December 1978- reached an agreement on Taiwan.
