The explanations Flashcards
What are the two individual differences explanations for criminal behaviour?
Eysenck’s (1982) criminal personality.
Cognitive factors (distortions/attributions bias) & moral reasoning.
What are the two social psychological explanations for criminal behaviours?
Gender socialisation- role models & social control.
Differential association theory- sutherland (1939): explains through observation & imitation- conditioning.
What are the 2 methods of modification for criminal behaviours?
anger management- cognitive reconstructing (cognitive approach) stress inoculation
restorative justice- rehabilitation. victim brought closure
What are the two individual differences explanations of schizophrenia?
psychodynamic approach- fixation, regression, reality lost & mother.
cognitive approach- ctom, preconscious filters
what are the 2 social psychological explanations of schizophrenia?
dysfunctional families- double bind theory, EE (high EE —> schizophrenia)
sociocultural factors- urbanicity, social isolation, discrimination.
what are the 2 methods of modification for schizophrenia?
antipsychotic drugs- conventional vs atypical.
cbt- engagement, education, relapse prevention.
what are the two biological explanations of addiction?
dopamine hypothesis- mesolimbic pathway, frontal cortex, tolerance & withdrawal.
genes- drd2: variant a1 cause less dopamine receptors, adh: metabolising
what are the two individual differences explanations for addiction?
cognitive biases- heuristics lead to biases. availability/representative (gambling) sunk cost fallacy, control illusion/hindsight/self-serving.
addictive personality- eysenck’s extroversion, psychoticism, neuroticism.
what are the 2 methods of modification for addiction?
agonist & antagonist drugs- binding to receptors, methadone- prevent withdrawal & mimics. binding to receptor & blocks function.- naltrexone.
aversion therapy- classical conditioning, antabuse prevents enzyme breaking down alcohol.
