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The experiences of Germans under the Nazis Flashcards

1
Q

How many Germans were unemployed before 1933?

A

over 6 million

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2
Q

How many jobs did the Public work schemes provide?

A

100,000 people

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3
Q

How much did the army grow within 5 years?

A

100,000 to 1.4 million

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4
Q

Minister of Economics (sacked by Hitler)

A

Hjalmar Schacht

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5
Q

Minister of Economics (employed by Hitler)

A

Hermann Goering

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6
Q

What was the Four Year Plan?

A

To become ‘war ready’ - whilst providing jobs in production

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7
Q

What percentage of the population were involved in agriculture?

A

30%

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8
Q

Appeal of Hitler to farmers

A

Cut taxes, guaranteed land if in debt

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9
Q

German Labour Front (DAF)

A

promised to protect workers rights and improve conditions

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10
Q

Beauty of Labour (SDA)

A

improve working environments

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11
Q

Strength through Joy (KDF)

A

offering cheap holidays and rewards for working hard

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12
Q

DAF’s ‘People’s Car’ scheme

A

Volkswagen

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13
Q

Impact of War (rationing)

A

one egg per week, hot water 2 days a week

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14
Q

How many foreign workers were forced to work in labour as an impact of war?

A

by 1944 around 7 million foreign workers

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15
Q

Youth’s were…

A

indoctrinated

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16
Q

What was taught in race studies?

A

Eugenics - how to improve their race, inferiority of black people and Jews

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17
Q

Teachers were…

A

sacked if didn’t join German Teachers League

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18
Q

Academies

A

Napolas, Adolf Hitler Schools - graduated as ‘ideal Naizs’

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19
Q

What percentage of uni lecturers were sacked between 1933-34?

A

15% of uni lecturers (political and racial reasons)

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20
Q

By 1939, how many uni lecturers had been dismissed?

A

3000

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21
Q

What year were all other youth groups banned?

A

1933

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22
Q

What law gave Hitler youth an equal status to school and home + what year?

A

Law for the incorporation of German Youth - 1936

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23
Q

When was being a Hitler Youth member made compulsory?

A

1939

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24
Q

German Boys

A

Little Fellows (6-10), Young Folk (10-14), Hitler Youth (14-17)

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25
German Girls
Young Girls (10-14), League of German Girls (14-17)
26
What did the Swing Youth do?
listened to American jazz music (banned because of its black origins), went to parties, had Jewish friends
27
What did the Edelweiss Pirates do?
went camping and sang songs mocking Hitler, even physically attacked Hitler Youth groups
28
How many Germans were Catholic?
20 million
29
How many Germans were Protestant?
40 million
30
Why did some Christians support the Nazis?
-Nazis said they believed in the importance of marriage -Christians feared communism and Hitler promised to destroy it -Hitler promised to respect the Catholic church
31
What statement did the Pope release in 1938?
'With Burning anxiety' - which explained the Nazis hostile actions towards the Church
32
What did Catholic Archbishop Galen openly criticise about the Nazis?
Nazis use of terror tactics, euthanasia and concentration camps
33
What new Protestant group openly criticised the Nazis?
Confessional Church
34
How did Germany deal with the Confessional Church?
arrested 800 pastors, sent leader to concentration camp, banned the group
35
What was Hitler's master race?
Aryan race - strong, tall blond, blue-eyed, white
36
How many Jews from all over Europe died in death camps up until 1945?
over 6 million
37
Where were Jews forced to work?
ghettos
38
How many mentally and physically disabled men were forcibly sterilised by the Nazis?
350,000
39
What year were the Nuremberg Laws?
sept 1935
40
What were the Nuremberg Laws?
Jews not allowed to vote, marriage between Jews and non-jews banned
41
What year was the Night of Broken Glass (Kristallnacht)?
nov 1938
42
What was Kristallnacht?
Jewish homes, synagogues and business' were all attacked
43
What year was the Wannsee conference?
1942
44
What happened at the Wannsee conference?
discuss the Final Solution of the murdering of all Jews
45
How many prisoners escaped during Treblinka rebellion in 1943?
150 prisoners
46
Death Camps Examples
Auschwitz, Treblinka
47
How many German companies used Auschwitz prisoners as slaves to buy their goods?
150 companies
48
What year did the creation of new autobahns take place?
1933
49
How many jobs did autobahns provide?
100,000 jobs
50
How many synagogues were burned down during Kristallnacht?
200 synagogues were burned down
51
How many Jews were killed during Kristallnacht?
100 Jews killed
52
How many Jews were sent to concentration camps during Kristallnacht?
20,000
53
Why is there little opposition to the Nazis?
repression (fear), Propaganda, Nazi successes, restrictions
54
What examples of passive resistance are there against the Nazis?
the 'Swing' movement, Edelweiss Pirates, those who didn't conform to the Nazi regime (not doing 'heil Hitler' salute)
55
What examples of active resistance are there against the Nazis?
White Rose Group, Edelweiss Pirates (during War), the Kreisau Circle, the Beck-Goerdeler group
56
What did the White Rose Group do?
distributed anti-Nazi pamphlets, put up posters, graffiti on walls
57
Who were the leaders of the White Rose group?
Sophie and Hans Scholl
58
How many attempts were there to assassinate Hitler?
50
59
Who was in the Kreisau Circle?
army officers, wide range of aristocrats, university professors
60
What did the Beck-goerdeler group do against Hitler?
attempted to assassinate him (July bomb plot, 1944)
61
Who was the Minister of Enlightenment and Propaganda?
Joseph Goebbels
62
What is Censorship?
limiting of access of information, ideas or books to prevent knowledge or freedom of thought
63
How did Goebbels use Censorship?
Chamber of Culture - Jews were banned from joining, agreement to portray the same message (Nazi beliefs are correct and Hitler is superior)
64
Why was terror used in Nazi Germany?
to keep control
65
Who were sent to concentration camps?
Jews, Gypsies, political opponents and anyone who criticised the Nazis
66
Who was the leader of the SS?
Himmler
67
What were the 3 sections of the SS?
the SD, the Waffen SS, the Death's Head Units
68
What did the SD do?
looked after security, could arrest anyone for any reason
69
What did the Death's Head Units do?
ran concentration camps and then the death camps
70
Concentration camp examples
Dachau
71
What impact did the control of the law courts have?
death penalty for telling an anti-Hitler joke, having sex with a Jew or listening to a foreign radio station
72
Who were the secret police?
Gestapo
73
What did the Gestapo do?
tapped telephone calls and opened mail, has powers to arrest and imprison without trial
74
What were the traditional women values in Germany?
Kinder, Kuche, Kirche
75
How did the Nazis attempt to increase pure German births?
financial incentives (e.g. marriage loans), Lebensborn movement, propaganda, awards (8 gold; 6 silver; 4 bronze)
76
How did the Nazis impact women's involvement in education/ the workplace?
limited uni enrolment to 10%, reduced female employment
77
In 1936 women were...
banned from being judges and lawyers
78
By 1939, how many women attended motherhood classes?
1.7 million
79
What was the birth rate change from 1933 to 1939?
under a million to 1.4 million
80
What changed to women's role during war?
require to work - compulsory 'duty year'

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