The evidential problem Flashcards
What is the evidential problem of evil?
The evidential problem of evil argues that the evidence of evil in the world makes belief in God unjustified.
What type of argument is the evidential problem of evil?
It is an inductive argument that regards evil as evidence against God’s existence.
How does Hume’s evidential problem of evil challenge belief in God?
Hume argues that the evidence of suffering and imperfection in the world makes belief in a perfect God unjustified.
What does Augustine’s theodicy propose about the origin of sin?
Augustine argues that sin originates from humanity’s free will and the original sin of Adam and Eve.
How does Augustine view evil?
Augustine argues that evil does not actually exist; it is merely a privation of good.
What is Plantinga’s ‘free will defense’?
Plantinga’s ‘free will defense’ argues that evil results from the misuse of free will, and that free will is necessary for a valuable universe.
What is a common objection to Plantinga’s defense regarding natural evil?
The objection is that free will cannot explain natural evil.
How does Plantinga address the objection regarding natural evil?
He suggests that natural evil could result from the free will of demons or as a punishment for Adam and Eve’s sin.
What is the key strength of Augustine’s theodicy?
It provides a logically possible scenario where God allows evil because it is either sin or a punishment for sin.
How does Augustine defend against the criticism that children suffering is unjust?
Augustine argues that it is part of the “secret yet just judgement of God,” indicating it is inscrutable but ultimately just.
What scientific evidence challenges Augustine’s doctrine of original sin?
Genetic evidence suggests it is not possible for all humanity to have descended from two people, and the story of Adam and Eve is considered unscientific.
How might Augustine’s concept of human nature being corrupted still hold, despite scientific challenges?
Augustine could argue that human nature is corrupted by original sin in a metaphorical or spiritual sense rather than a literal descent from Adam and Eve.
How does Pelagius criticize Augustine’s concept of original sin?
Pelagius argues that Augustine’s observations reflect societal influence rather than inherent human nature.
What modern evidence supports Pelagius’ criticism of Augustine?
Evidence of human progress and decreasing violence, suggesting that human behavior is influenced more by society and upbringing than inherent sinfulness.
