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Midterm BSCS Review > The Everchanging Computer > Flashcards

The Everchanging Computer Flashcards

1
Q

Define A Computer

A

A programmable computing device that can process, store, and retrieve data.

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2
Q

A programmable computing device that can process, store, and retrieve data.

A

A Computer

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3
Q

The Computer Data

A

Is processed according to the software’s instructions or commands

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4
Q

Is processed according to the software’s instructions or commands

A

The Computer Data

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5
Q

The term “computers”

A

Originates as a word referring to someone who manually carried out calculations instead of an actualt machine

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6
Q

Originates as a word referring to someone who manually carried out calculations instead of an actualt machine

A

The term “computer”

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7
Q

1940s 1950s

A

Large machines consisting of thousandts of vacuum tubes were part of the early digital computers built in this period

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8
Q

Year of the large machines consisting of thousandts of vacuum tubes were part of the early digital computers built in this period

A

The 1940s and 1950s

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9
Q

Two distinct families of computing

A

Digital Computers
Analog Computers

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10
Q

Define Digital Computers

A

A sequential device that operates data one at a time. The data are represented in the binary gormat of “0” and “1”, a single trandistor is used to symbolize a binary digit

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11
Q

A sequential device that operates data one at a time. The data are represented in the binary gormat of “0” and “1”, a single trandistor is used to symbolize a binary digit

A

Digital Computers

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12
Q

Analog Computers

A

The representation of data reflects the properties of the data being modeled in an analog computer.

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13
Q

The representation of data reflects the properties of the data being modeled in an analog compter.

A

Analog Computers

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14
Q

James Thomson

A

He did the early foundational work on analog computation in the 19th century. He invented a wheel and a disc integrator used in mechanical analog devices.

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15
Q

He did the early foundational work on analog computation in the 19th century. He invented a wheel and a disc integrator used in mechanical analog devices.

A

James Thomson

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16
Q

Vannevar Bush

A

He developed the first large-scale, general-purpise analog computer called ghe “Differential Analyzer.”

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17
Q

He developed the first large-scale, general-purpise analog computer called ghe “Differential Analyzer.”

A

Vannevar Bush

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18
Q

What can symbolize one continuouzs vatiable in an Analog computer

A

A single capacitor

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19
Q

What are needed in a digital computer

A

Various transidtors

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20
Q

Generations of Digital Computers

A

Vacuum Tubes (First Generation)
Transistors (Second Generation)
Integrated Circuits (Third Generation)
Microprocessors (Fourth Generation)

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21
Q

Define Vacuum Tubes (First Generation)

A

These devices depended on the flow of electric current through a vacuum.

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22
Q

Transistors (Second Generation)

A

Is the fundamental building block in modern electronic systems for revolutionizing the field of electronics.

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23
Q

These devices depended on the flow of electric current through a vacuum.

A

Vacuum Tubes (First Generation)=

24
Q

Is the fundamental building block in modern electronic systems for revolutionizing the field of electronics.

A

Transistors (Second Generation)

25
Q

Integrated Circuits (Third Generation)

A

Consists of a set of electronic circuits on a small chip of semiconductor material smaller than a circuit made of independent components.

26
Q

Consists of a set of electronic circuits on a small chip of semiconductor material smaller than a circuit made of independent components.

A

Integrated Circuits (Third Generation)

27
Q

Who is Jack Kilby of Texas

A

He invented the integrated circuit in 1958

28
Q

He invented the integrated circuit in 1958

A

Jack Kilby of Texas

29
Q

Microprocessors (Fourth Generation)

A

It was the first semiconductoe device that provided the functions of a computer at a chip level

30
Q

What was the world’s first microprocessor

A

The Intel P4004 1969 Microprocessor

31
Q

The Intel P4004 1969 Microprocessor

A

The world’s first Microprocessors

32
Q

All computers consist of two basic parts

A

Hardware and Software

33
Q

Define Hardware

A

It is the physical part of the machine

34
Q

Define Software

A

It is a set of instructions that commands the computer what to do

35
Q

Input Unit

A

A computer system responds to the insteuctions it receives from the users and uses an input unit to acquite those instructions.

36
Q

A computer system responds to the insteuctions it receives from the users and uses an input unit to acquite those instructions.

A

Input Unit

37
Q

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

A

Understands the command and how it can be achieved. It converts the data in human language into machine language

38
Q

Understands the command and how it can be achieved. It converts the data in human language into machine language

A

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

39
Q

CPU has 3 main components

A

Memory Unit
Control Unit
Arithmetic-Logical Unit (ALU)

40
Q

Define Memory Unit

A

It is where all the information becomes avilable, and bits and bytes (8 bits) are used to measure data size

41
Q

It is where all the information becomes avilable, and bits and bytes (8 bits) are used to measure data size

A

Memory Unit

42
Q

Define Control Unit

A

The central component of the CPU. It is where the data conversion from human language to machine language occurs.

43
Q

The central component of the CPU. It is where the data conversion from human language to machine language occurs.

A

Control Unit

44
Q

Arithmetic-Logical Unit (ALU)

A

This processor is responsible for mathematical calculations and issues the computer system deals with while funftioning. Also used for data comparison and decision-making

45
Q

This processor is responsible for mathematical calculations and issues the computer system deals with while funftioning. Also used for data comparison and decision-making

A

Arithmetic-Logical Unit

46
Q

Output Unit

A

The data is fed to, where the result is shown.

47
Q

The data is fed to, where the result is shown.

A

Output Unit

48
Q

Operating System (OS)

A

A collection of software programs and commands that control computer hardware to make it usable.

49
Q

A collection of software programs and commands that control computer hardware to make it usable.

A

Operating System (OS)

50
Q

Advantages of Operating System

A

Abstraction
Executable Programs
User-friendly

51
Q

Define Abstraction

A

Allow users to hide details of hardware by creating an abstraction

52
Q

Define Executable Programs

A

Offer an environment where users may execute programs or applications

53
Q

Define User-friendly

A

Provides the computer system with easy-to-use format resources

54
Q

Disadvantages of Operating System

A

Volatility
Expensive
Unpredictable

55
Q

Define Volatility

A

Users may lose all the contents stored in the computer system whenever an issue occurs

56
Q

Define Expensive

A

OS software is costly for sml organizations, which can cause an additional financial burden

57
Q

It is never secure, as threats can happen anytime

A

Unpredictable

Midterm BSCS Review (7 decks)

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