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America - Making Of A Superpower > The Era Of Reconstruction And The Guilded Age (1865-1890) > Flashcards

The Era Of Reconstruction And The Guilded Age (1865-1890) Flashcards

1
Q

How long did the Civil War Last?

A

4 years

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2
Q

How did Abraham Lincoln Die

A

He was assassinated at the theatre by an Actor called James Wilke Booth shot him in the head

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3
Q

How many lives had been lost during the civil war?

A

625,000

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4
Q

Who became president after Lincoln

A

Andrew Johnson

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5
Q

When did the American civil war end

A

1865

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6
Q

What does the written constitution outline was

A

roles and powers of the branches of government

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7
Q

Three parts that US government is made up of

A

Executive (president) , Legislative (congress) , Judiciary (Supreme Court)

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8
Q

Two key issues of reconstruction

A
  • How far southern states should be punished for seceding
  • How African Americans (former slaves) should be treated
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9
Q

When was the civil rights act 1 passed

A

April 9 1866

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10
Q

What number amendment did the Civil rights turn into and what did it do?

A

14th Amendments
all African Americans born into USA citizenship and full rights in law

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11
Q

Why was Johnson nearly impeached and by how many votes

A

Nov 1866 republicans gained a huge majority
Johnson survived by one vote

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12
Q

Who became president in 1868

A

Ulysses S.grant

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13
Q

What was radical reconstruction

A

Offered all kinds of new opportunities to the African Americans for the first time

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14
Q

5 things black people gained under radical reconstruction

A
  • Vote for males
  • Property ownership
  • Education
  • Legal Rights
  • holding political office
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15
Q

Why did radical reconstruction fail

A
  • African Americans going into political office were poorly educated
  • White people went to a policy of terror. Formation of KKK (1866)
  • Southern states hated the idea of African Americans gaining power.
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16
Q

What was the compromise of 1877

A

Southern democrats led to the southern democrats to support republican Rutherford Hayes

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17
Q

What were black codes

A
  • Laws design to regulate the lives of AA
  • Force them on the farms as forced labourers (low minimum wage)
  • Stopped them from buying goods and land
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18
Q

When was the Bureau of Refugees passed

A

1865

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19
Q

What was the Bureau of Refuges

A

Relief and assistance to former slaves - included health services, educational services, and abandoned land services

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20
Q

13th amendment

A

1865 - abolished slavery throughout the United States

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21
Q

15tg Amendments

A

1870 - Prohibited the denial of voting rights based on race,colour or previous conditions of servitude

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22
Q

Reconstruction acts

A

1867 Acts divided the south into military districts and requires the states to draft new constitutions

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23
Q

What are Carpetbaggers and Scalawags

A

Term used to describe northern newcomers and southern white republicans.

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24
Q

Industrialisation

A

Period marked the region of rapid growth of industries like steel and oil and railroads.

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25
Q

Transcontinental railroad

A

1869 linked the west and east coasts of the United States

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26
Q

The great migration

A

Movement of people from rural areas in growing cities primarily in the north seeking employment and a better life

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27
Q

Social Darwinism,

A

The belief that competition and survival of the fittest applied to society, often to justify the extreme wealth of the elite

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28
Q

Labour Unions

A

Organisations that were formed to advocate workers rights and betters conditions

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29
Q

Plessy vs Furguson

A

1896 - Supreme Court that upheld racial segregation, establishing the separate nut equal doctrine

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30
Q

Dawes Act

A

1887 - Divided Native Americans reservations to individual allotments trying to assimilate Native Americans into mainstream society

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31
Q

De Jure

A

According to law

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32
Q

De Facto

A

Actual

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33
Q

Federalists

A

Advocate a strong central government weak state government

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34
Q

Key federalists

A

Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, James Maddison

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35
Q

Populism

A

A political movement of farmers and labourers advocating for economics reforms, including thr free coinage of silver and regulations of railroads.

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36
Q

The three Branches of US Gov and what they entail

A

Executive Branch ( President) , Judicial Branch (Courts) and Legislative branch(congress)

37
Q

What is Black Codes and who adopted them

A

Adopted by mid-western states. They restricted AA Civil rights. Missipi was the first state to abolish full rights of AA

38
Q

Congressional reconstruction 1866

A

They had laws in place which continued black codes and second-class citizenship for newly freed slaves

39
Q

What happened at the congressional election of 1866

A

Brought Radical Republicans to power. Wanted to punish the south and prevent ruling from continuing in power

40
Q

Military Reconstruction Act 1867

A

Divided into south into 5 military districts and outlined how new governments would have been designed. AA would of received the right to vote, hold political office and become judges and chiefs.

41
Q

What were President Johnson’s thoughts on Radical republican proceedings?

A

He veoted them all of them.

42
Q

Who impeached President Johnson

A

Radical Republicans

43
Q

What is impeachment

A

(especially in the US) a charge of misconduct made against the holder of a public office.

44
Q

Who was in control of the three branches of federal government by 1869

A

Republican Party

45
Q

What was a carpet bagger

A

A name given to northerners who come south for political ramd economic reasons

46
Q

What did people think about carpetbaggers

A

Considered corrupt individuals who used reconstruction as a mean to advance their own personal interests.

47
Q

Who were mainly opposed to Radical Reconstruction

A

Political opposition - Democratic redeemers. They wanted to take back a;ll control over the southern states and remove all rights of AA
Violent Opposition - Also known as white terrorists.

48
Q

How many AA where kissed in Louisina in 1868

A

1,000

49
Q

What happened at the election of 1876

A

It was disputed, corrupted and fraudulent election. Impossible to know who won

50
Q

Who was Rutherford Hayes

A

Politically respectful and agreed to stay on for one more term. Weak president.

51
Q

Who was James Garfield

A

Originally the republican candidate, but was demoted as deputy. Was assassinated in 1881

52
Q

How many immigrants came in during the year of 1865-1890

A

10 million

53
Q

What did the 1866 statue of liberty represent

A

Symbol of the land of the free

54
Q

What is social and regional division

A

The speed and intensity of immigrantion and urbanisation created

55
Q

What is nativism

A

A belief that people who’s parents were born in the US wanted to be protected from ‘alien’ ways.

56
Q

What was ‘yellow peril’

A

The growth of anti-chinese feeling

57
Q

1882 Chinese Exculsion Act

A

Stopped the immigration of of chinese workers (prevented them gaining citizenship)

58
Q

Why did chinese immigrants go to the US?

A

1840 - Gold Rush
1860 - Raildroads
1870 - Textiles, tobacco, shows, farm workers

59
Q

How was the North East affected by immigration

A

Hugely affected by industrilisation and urbanisation. Boom of populatiob in cities such sd NY, Chicago and OHIO.

60
Q

What happened to New Yorks population during the years if 1860-1890

A

Doubled

61
Q

Great raildroad strike

A

1877 there was a clash due to wages being cut for the third time in that year. Strike was the firt that spread over multiple states. (West Virginina, Maryland and pemnsylvania)

62
Q

How was the New South affected by immigration

A

dominated by divisions between AA and Whites (soical dividion) Huge resentments from whites. AA afriad to push for change.

63
Q

How was the Wild West affected by immigration

A

Rapid settlement due to the government and influx of people. Whites broke NA tribe treaties. Huge division between Native Americans and whites.

64
Q

Granger movement

A

1867, coopertaive to help farmers with lands and loans

65
Q

1877 compromise

A

Democrats had an informal agreement to make sure that Ruthered hayes had a secured seat

66
Q

Booker T washington

A

Headed the Tuskagee insitutute in Alabama through 1881-1915. Trained AA teachers.

67
Q

How influential was agriculture after the civil war?

A

Hugely influential. Over 1/2 live on rural lands. Farm population increades from 10m to 25 million over the years of 1865-1890

68
Q

Homestead Act 1862

A

provided that any adult citizen, or intended citizen, who had never borne arms against the U.S. government could claim 160 acres of surveyed government land. Claimants were required to live on and “improve” their plot by cultivating the land.

69
Q

Which technological advances improved and encouraged large scale agriculture

A

Reapers and threshers

70
Q

Panic of 1873

A

A banking failure in Britian due to the banks failing. Scared the farmers due to exporting

71
Q

Economic development in the North East

A

Expanding markets and towns. Larger hubs were created which meant bigger distribution networks. Pittsburgh - shipped meat producusts.

72
Q

North East railroads

A

Hugely important for the economy due to hiring multiple workers and once built alot exports to freely travel. Had monopoly power and set their own freight prices

73
Q

Who ruled the Souths economy

A

King Cotton

74
Q

South agriculture

A

Small farmers found it difficult to buy land from King Cotton and became tenant farmers or sharecroppers

75
Q

Economic development in the South

A

Not too much development, rail road expansion (exporting cotton, sugar and tobacco)

76
Q

Where was the main place that the Homestead Act 1862 push migration

A

West

77
Q

When was the Union Pacific Raildroad Completed

A

1869

78
Q

When was Native American colonized by

A

1877

79
Q

1889 Oklahoma Land rush

A

raildroads transported thousands westward. Lending money and taking crops as payment

80
Q

population in the west by 1860

A

760,000 by 1890. 6 million

81
Q

Importance of Steel

A

Ploughs, barbed wires, railroads, rifles

82
Q

West Climate

A

harsh climate and open to natural disasters. Years of drought in 1877

83
Q

Three of the giant buisnesses empires in the late 1870s

A

Andrew Carnegie - US steel
John D Rockefeller - Standard Oil
H.j - Heniz canned food

84
Q

Buisness empires before1870

A

oil wells, small compenies and steel manifuctqaring improved

85
Q

Importance of railroads

A

Powerhouse of the US industry. By 1865 - 35,000 miles track. 1893 - 200,000 miles.

86
Q

Steel and Oil industry

A

1875 steel prodcution was 360,000 tonnes

87
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

First steelworks 1870 pennslyvania. Bought chains of over companies

88
Q

Which city was an oil refining city

A

Cleveland Ohio

89
Q

1872 Cleveland massacre

A

Standard Oil bought up 22/26 main competitors

America - Making Of A Superpower (3 decks)

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