The Enlightment

Question 1

Austria

Answer 1

a republic in central Europe. 32,381 sq. mi. (83,865 sq. km).

Question 2

Louis XIV

Answer 2

Louis XIV, known as Louis the Great or the Sun King, was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715.

Question 3

Peter the Great

Answer 3

Peter the Great, Peter I or Peter Alexeyevich ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May 1682 until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his elder half-brother

Question 4

William the Great Elector

Answer 4

Frederick William was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia – and thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia – from 1640 until his death.

Question 5

Czar

Answer 5

an emperor of Russia before 1917.

Question 6

Absolutism

Answer 6

the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.

Question 7

Boyar

Answer 7

a member of the old aristocracy in Russia, next in rank to a prince

Question 8

Ivan IV

Answer 8

Ivan IV Vasilyevich, commonly known as Ivan the Terrible or Ivan the Fearsome, was the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547, then “Tsar of All the Russias” until his death in 1584. The last title was used by all his successors

Question 9

Divine right

Answer 9

divine right of kings definition. The doctrine that kings and queens have a God-given right to rule and that rebellion against them is a sin. This belief was common through the seventeenth century and was urged by such kings as Louis xiv of France.

Question 10

Henry IV

Answer 10

Henry of Bolingbroke. born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, was King Henry IV of England and Lord of Ireland from 1399 to 1413, and asserted the claim of his grandfather, Edward III, to the Kingdom of France.

Question 11

War of Spanish Secession

Answer 11

War of the Spanish Succession. noun. 1. a war (1701–14) fought by Austria, England, the Netherlands, and Prussia against France and Spain, arising from disputes about the succession in Spain after the death of Charles II of Spain.

Question 12

Thirty Years War

Answer 12

The Thirty Years’ War was a series of wars in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. It was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, as well as the deadliest European religious war, resulting in eight million casualties.

Question 13

Catherine the Great

Answer 13

Catherine II of Russia, also known as Catherine the Great, was the most renowned and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia, reigning from 1762 until her death in 1796 at the age of 67.

Question 14

Window to the West

Answer 14

It was, in Peter the Great’s terms, enlightened, his big and bright window on the western world. Until the founding of St Petersburg, Russia had seemed, at least to western Europe, a rather frightening Byzantine labyrinth.

Question 15

Maria Theresa

Answer 15

Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg.

Question 16

Pragmatic Sanction

Answer 16

an imperial or royal ordinance or decree that has the force of law.

Question 17

Hapsburgs

Answer 17

The House of Habsburg, or House of Austria, was one of the most influential royal houses of Europe. The throne of the Holy Roman Empire was continuously occupied by the Habsburgs between 1438 and 1740.

Question 18

Seven Years War

Answer 18

The Seven Years’ War was a war fought between 1754 and 1763, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763.

Question 19

Frederick the Great

Answer 19

Frederick II was King of Prussia from 1740 until 1786, the longest reign of any Hohenzollern king. His most significant accomplishments during his reign included his military victories, his reorganization.

Question 20

Frederick William I

Answer 20

known as the ‘Soldier King,’ was the King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg.

Question 21

Glorious Revolution

Answer 21

The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange.

Question 22

Spanish Armada

Answer 22

The Spanish Armada was a Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from A Coruña in August 1588, under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia with the purpose of escorting an army from Flanders to invade England.

Question 23

James I

Answer 23

King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death.

Question 24

Puritans

Answer 24

a member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship.

Question 25

Queen Elizabeth

Answer 25

Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, the childless Elizabeth was the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty.

Question 26

Charles I

Answer 26

Charles I was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649