The Enlightenment and french revolution Flashcards
Causes of French Revolution
Enlightenment Ideas Debt Unfair taxes and voting Food shortages Social inequalities weak leadership
Four major causes of the enlightenment
The renaissance
Age of exploration
The reformation
scientific revolution
Trace the Events of french revolution from meeting of the estates general to the rise of napoleon
Meeting of the States general National Assembly Tennis court oath Storming of the bastille Geat fear women's march National Convention Declaration of rights of man Reign of terror The directory Rise of napoleon
Explain how the french revolution led to the rise of Napoleon in Europe
In an attempt to protect french power trade and to disrupt British trade with India , napoleon led expedition to Egypt
Explain napoleon legacy including positive and negative changes he made
Positive : Got France out of debt Better education created set of schools: primary, secondary , lychee and technical created a banking system Ended corruption
Negative :
Controlled press
Limited power of the people
Degraded women
First estate
composed of roman catholic church, owned 10 percent of land in France and made up 1 percent of the population. they paid 2 percent of taxes.
They provided education and relief services to the poor
Second estate
Made up of rich nobles, they made up 20 percent of the land. Paid no taxes and saw enlightenment as a threat to their status and privilege.
third estate
Divided into two groups : 1- bourgeois , bankers , factory owners 2- urban workers, domestic servants They had no power to influence government, they embraced enlightenment and resented first and second estate. Peasants made up 80 percent half of their income to nobles
The spark that began The french Revolution
The storming of the Bastille
The major goal of the french revolution was
To create a more democratic Government
“I do not agree with a word you say but I will defend your right to say it”
Divided into two groups : 1- bourgeois , bankers , factory owners 2- urban workers, domestic servants They had no power to influence government, they embraced enlightenment and resented first and second estate. Peasants made up 80 percent half of their income to nobles
“I don’t agree with a word you say but I’ll defend your right to say it”
Voltaire
After Maximilian Robespear came into power he
Executed thousands of people
“People should Lay down their natural right of equality and freedom and give absolute power to a king”
Hobbes
After the Reign of terror, french public opinion became
more conservative
Napoleon left a legacy including
Changed the way the world map looks
At congress of vienna, 5 great powers met to
Achieve peace and stability
Contain France
restore the ruler’s napoleon had driven out of their throne
“The people have the right to Revolt and establish a new government”
Locke
King and queen that helped put France in debt
Louis xvi and queen Marie Antoinette known as madam deficit
What was the Bastille
A prison
Political thinker that presented an argument for the education of women. She also declared that women should have the same political right as men.
Mary Wollstonecraft
this philosopher’s ideas greatly influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and north America. He argued against the use of torture and other common abuses of justice
Cesare Bonesana Beccaria
Aristocrat philosopher devoted to the study of political liberty. Wrote the famous book “ On the spirit of the laws” were he proposed separation of powers would keep any individual or group from gaining total control
Montesquieu
This philosopher disagreed with other philosophers on a number of matters.
Jean Jacques
His masterful use of satire got him into frequent trouble with the clergy, the aristocracy and the government of France. Despite serving two prison terms and being exiled, he never stopped fighting for tolerance, reason , freedom of religion and freedom of speech
Voltaire
Felt that people are reasonable beings. Supported self-government and argued that the purpose of government is to protect the natural rights of people. If government failed to protect these natural rights, citizens have the right to overthrow it
John locke
This political thinker believed that all humans are naturally selfish and wicked. Wanted a strong government to control human behaviour . He said that people should enter a social contract where they exchanged their rights for law and order
Thomas Hobbes
