The Enlightenment

Question 1

Philosophes

Answer 1

• Enlightenment thinkers
• French term for “philosophers”
• These thinkers would usually ponder each others ideas than think of anything original

Question 2

Voltaire

Answer 2

• Francis Arouet (1694 - 1778)
• Educated by the Jesuits
• Emphasized Newton’s and John Locke’s ideas and praised English society

Question 3

Emilie de Chatelet

Answer 3

(1706 - 1749)

• Intellectual
• Fell in love with Voltaire
• Tried to join an all-male intellectual group by dressing up as a man
• Published a three-volume work on Leibnitz, and translated Newton’s Principles of Mathematics

Question 4

The Encyclopedia

Answer 4

• A collection of intellecual works from various philosophes
• Supervised by Denis Diderot (1713 - 1774) and Jean Le Rond d’Alembert
• Embodied the idea that anything could be solved with science and reason
• The church saw this work as a threat

Question 5

Deism

Answer 5

• A belief that the universe was created by a powerful being, but did not interfere with human affairs

Question 6

Physiocrats

Answer 6

• French thinkers who argued that economics had its own set of natural laws
• Led by Francois Quesway
• Saw land and agriculture as the main source of wealth