The Enlightenment

Question 1

petition of rights

Answer 1

major English constitutional document that sets out specific liberties of the subject that the king is prohibited from infringing

Question 2

long parliament

Answer 2

the Parliament that assembled November 3, 1640, was expelled by Cromwell in 1653, reconvened in 1659, and was dissolved in 1660

Question 3

short parliament

Answer 3

sat from 13 April to 5 May 1640 during the reign of King Charles I of England, so called because it lasted only three weeks

Question 4

cavaliers

Answer 4

a horseman, especially a mounted soldier; knight

Question 5

oliver cromwell

Answer 5

English military and political leader and later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland

Question 6

commonwealth

Answer 6

group of sovereign states and their dependencies associated by their own choice and linked with common objectives and interests

Question 7

declaration of rights

Answer 7

document that stated in detail the wrongs committed by the previous King, James II, and specified the English rights that all citizens are entitled to and all monarchs must abide by

Question 8

monarchy

Answer 8

a state or nation in which the supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in a monarch

Question 9

torries and whigs

Answer 9

members of two opposing political parties or factions in England, particularly during the 18th century

Question 10

english bill of rights

Answer 10

Act of the Parliament of England that deals with constitutional matters and sets out certain basic civil rights.

Question 11

william and mary

Answer 11

co-regnants over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland, namely the Dutch Prince of Orange King William III (& II) and his spouse (and first cousin) Queen Mary II

Question 12

enlightenment

Answer 12

philosophical movement of the 18th century, characterized by belief in the power of human reason and by innovations in political, religious, and educational doctrine

Question 13

philosphers

Answer 13

a person who offers views or theories on profound questions in ethics, metaphysics, logic, and other related fields.

Question 14

john locke

Answer 14

english philosopher 1632-1704

Question 15

voltaire

Answer 15

1694–1778, French philosopher, historian, satirist, dramatist, and essayist

Question 16

baron de montesquieu

Answer 16

1689–1755, French philosophical writer

Question 17

mary wollstonecraft

Answer 17

was an English writer, philosopher, and advocate of women’s rights. During her brief career, she wrote novels, treatises, a travel narrative, a history of the French Revolution, a conduct book, and a children’s book