The Enlightenment

Question 1

The Great Chain of Being

Answer 1

1) God
2) Angelic Beings
3) Mankind
4) Animals
5) Plants

Question 2

Enlightenment

Answer 2

the action of enlightening or the state of being enlightened.

Question 3

Deism

Answer 3

Believing in a supreme being who created the universe but does not intervene in its affairs, relying on reason and natural observation rather than divine revelation for religious knowledge

Question 4

John Locke

Answer 4

Individuals possess inherent natural rights to life, liberty, and property
Emphasized the importance of experience and observation in acquiring knowledge
“The Reasonableness of Christianity”
“An Essay on Toleration”

Question 5

“The Reasonableness of Christianity”

Answer 5

Locke
Christianity, as presented in the Scriptures, is a rational and accessible faith

Question 6

“An Essay on Toleration”

Answer 6

The advocacy for religious toleration and freedom of conscience
Governments should not interfere with individuals’ religious beliefs or practices
Coercion is not a legitimate means of promoting religious unity

Question 7

Philosophes

Answer 7

Influential intellectuals and thinkers
Championed reason, science, and individual rights, advocating for a society based on rational thought and challenging traditional authority.

Question 8

Salons

Answer 8

A private social gathering where a mixture of guests openly discussed art, literature, philosophy, music, and politics.
Most often hosted by women

Question 9

Voltaire

Answer 9

Championed religious tolerance, freedom of speech, and the separation of church and state, advocating for a society based on reason and individual liberty.
“Candide”

Question 10

“Candide”

Answer 10

Voltaire
Critiques societal ills and the concept of blind optimism.

Question 11

Rousseau

Answer 11

A prominent philosopher of the Enlightenment
Significantly impacted political and educational thought with his ideas on social contract, democracy, and the importance of emotions

Question 12

“The Social Contract”

Answer 12

Rousseau
Idea that legitimate government is based on the consent of the governed, with the “general will” of the people as the ultimate source of authority, and that citizens should participate in the creation of law

Question 13

“Discourse on the Origin of Inequality”

Answer 13

Social Inequality
Private property and societal structures are the root causes of human suffering and that natural man is inherently good, with inequality arising from societal influences