The enlightenment

Question 1

What Book did Thomas Hobbes write?

Answer 1

Leviathan

Question 2

Thomas Hobbes thought that humans were naturally___

Answer 2

cruel and selfish

Question 3

Thomas hobbes thought the best form of government would be an_____

Answer 3

Absolute Monarchy

Question 4

Thomas Hobbes believed in what theory

Answer 4

Social contract

Question 5

What is the Social Contract theory?

Answer 5

an agreement where the people give up some of their rights to gain an organized society

Question 6

What was John Locke’s main belief?

Answer 6

Natural rights

Question 7

John Locke believed that humans were basically _____

Answer 7

good, reasonable, and moral beings

Question 8

What historical event did John Locke have a big impact on?

Answer 8

American revolution

Question 9

According to John Locke, What was the purpose of a government?

Answer 9

defend your natural rights

Question 10

What can you do if the govt doesn’t support your natural rights

Answer 10

revolt

Question 11

What did John Locke write

Answer 11

The two treaties of government

Question 12

Key word for Montesquieu…

Answer 12

Separation of Powers

Question 13

Who’s ideas are the American govt modeled after

Answer 13

Montesquieu

Question 14

What did Voltaire defend?

Answer 14

Freedom of speech

Question 15

What punishment is given to Voltaire

Answer 15

he gets exiled

Question 16

What style of writing did Voltaire use to criticize people

Answer 16

satire/witty

Question 17

what is a salon

Answer 17

a get together to talk about ideas

Question 18

Rousseau believes that humans are naturally _____

Answer 18

innocent, but the world corrupts them

Question 19

What did Rousseau believe about power?

Answer 19

some control is necessary, but it should be minimal

Question 20

What concept did Rousseau believe in?

Answer 20

general will

Question 21

What is general will

Answer 21

the interest of the community is more important than the individual

Question 22

What did Mary Wollstonecraft believe?

Answer 22

Women cannot be equal to men until they are given the same education as men

Question 23

What was happening at the same time as the enlightenment?

Answer 23

the scientific revolution

Question 24

Why didn’t the church like the scientific revolution?

Answer 24

The people were able to prove the church wrong

Question 25

What was applied to people and government problems to try and solve them

Answer 25

scientific method

Question 26

What was this general period of time known as

Answer 26

the age of reason

Question 27

What traditional thoughts were challenged by the enlightenment?

Answer 27

divine right of kings, relationship between church and state, and inequalities between social classes

Question 28

What invention helped ideas spread?

Answer 28

the printing press

Question 29

What was the art style called before the enlightenment?

Answer 29

baroque

Question 30

what is the new style of art and architecture?

Answer 30

neoclassical

Question 31

what are the aspects of neoclassical art?

Answer 31

elegant, simple, and perfect

Question 32

Which 3 composers were famous in the enlightenment?

Answer 32

Hayden, Beethoven, and Mozart

Question 33

What did Hayden do that made him stand out?

Answer 33

wrote the first symphony

Question 34

What did Mozart do that made him stand out?

Answer 34

he wrote original pieces

Question 35

What did Beethoven use in his pieces?

Answer 35

emotion and range

Question 36

what was music used for during the enlightenment?

Answer 36

entertainment

Question 37

What were countries moving away from economically during the enlightenment

Answer 37

mercantilism

Question 38

What 2 concepts were used in the economy?

Answer 38

lassaiz-faire and capitalism

Question 39

What laws did Adam Smith create?

Answer 39

Law of self interest, law of competition, and law of supply and demand

Question 40

what is the law of self interest

Answer 40

each individual makes their own money, and the harder you work, the more you get paid

Question 41

what is the law of competition

Answer 41

consumer drives the market by looking for the best quality and the best price

Question 42

what is supply and demand

Answer 42

how the market is driven, how much there is and how much people want it

Question 43

What is capitalism based on?

Answer 43

private ownership and the desire to make profits

Question 44

What city is considered the center of the enlightenment?

Answer 44

Paris

Question 45

Who is Madame Geoffrin?

Answer 45

She hosted salons and sponsored denis diderot

Question 46

What did Denis Diderot do?

Answer 46

wrote the first encyclopedia with all of the ideas, essays, and sketches from the salons in it

Question 47

Who is mad about the encyclopedia? Why?

Answer 47

French govt and RCC, people know that they were wrong, and could now prove it

Question 48

What is the effect on women through the Enlightenment

Answer 48

very minimal, really just started the push for change, but no change occurred until after the enlightenment ended

Question 49

How did a king's right to rule change through the enlightenment?

Answer 49

it was originally divine right, but now it is said that a king's right to rule comes from the consent of the governed

Question 50

What is believed to be the best form of govt now?

Answer 50

something with limited power and a ruler who respects the citizen's rights

Question 51

How did the relationship between ruler and citizens change?

Answer 51

the people used to serve the ruler, but now the ruler should serve the people

Question 52

What are the characteristics of an enlightened despot?

Answer 52

religious tolerance, tax reform, reduce govt spending, and improved education

Question 53

What did Frederick the great do that made him an enlightened despot?

Answer 53

encouraged religious freedom, abolished torture, and improved education

Question 54

What did Catherine the Great do that made her an enlightened despot?

Answer 54

legal reforms, and abolished death penalty and torture

Question 55

What did Joseph II do that made him an enlightened despot?

Answer 55

freedom of speech, press, and religion, abolished serfdom, but everything gets undone

Question 56

What was the original thought about how the universe was structured?

Answer 56

the earth was the center, geocentric

Question 57

What did people realize through the reformation and renaissance?

Answer 57

Humans can reason and question the authority of both the government and the church

Question 58

What did people look to to see what was true or false?

Answer 58

ancient greek and roman texts, or the bible

Question 59

Who said that the sun was actually the center of the universe?

Answer 59

Copernicus

Question 60

What was Copernicus' theory called

Answer 60

heliocentric

Question 61

When did Copernicus Publish his works? Why?

Answer 61

after he died, so he wouldn't get in trouble with the RCC

Question 62

What is Galileo known as?

Answer 62

The father of modern science

Question 63

What did Galileo invent?

Answer 63

the first telescope

Question 64

What did Galileo observe in space that disproved the geocentric theory?

Answer 64

4 moons around jupiter

Question 65

What law did Galileo create

Answer 65

law of pendulum

Question 66

How did Galileo avoid torture

Answer 66

he said his findings were false and went under house arrest

Question 67

Why was the scientific method significant

Answer 67

by actually testing theories, the church couldn't deny the conclusions

Question 68

what was the process of deductive reasoning

Answer 68

there are a few premises and one certain solution

Question 69

who is known for deductive reasoning

Answer 69

descartes

Question 70

what is the process of inductive reasoning?

Answer 70

repeated observations (more data), ending in a probable conclusion

Question 71

who is known for using inductive reasoning

Answer 71

bacon