The English Civil War Flashcards
Charles I execution, the English Civil War, Cromwell's time in power, Charles II rise to the throne.
What were the causes of the civil war?
Charles I raised taxes without Parliament’s approval and kept dismissing them. He ignored Parliament for 11 years before asking for money again which was unfulfilled. This became to Charles dismissing them again. A breaking point for Charles I and Parliament.
Why was the execution of King Charles I significant?
It was the first time that a King was executed and someone else took power other than the King.
Who was Oliver Cromwell?
Oliver Cromwell was a part of Parliament and a strict Puritan. He lead the Roundheads (Parliament) to victory in the English civil war and became in charge, but not King. He was the Lord Protector.
What laws did Cromwell make during his rule?
He didn’t let women wear any make-up, closed all taverns and pubs and made drinking illegal, closed down theatres, banned Christmas and banned sport.
Why do Irish Catholics hate Cromwell?
In 1649, Cromwell massacred a lot of Catholics in Drogheda, some who were innocent children and women.
When did Charles I rule?
King Charles I ruled from 1625-1649.
When was Charles I executed?
30th January 1649. He wore two shirts to hide his shivering. His head was also put back onto his body so his family could mourn him.
Who ruled after Cromwell’s death?
Charles II. The monarchy was restored to the throne on the 29th May 1660.
What happened during Charles II reign?
He re-instated Christmas, opened up theatres, bars and taverns, made drinking legal again (even on Sunday), made sports legal again, brought back freedom and fun and there were a lot of parties.
What were the rules/benefits of the New Model Army?
1) All soldiers will be paid weekly.
2) All soldiers will receive full training.
3) All soldiers must be Protestant and pray regularly.
4) All soldiers must avoid alcohol.
5) Swearing is banned!
Who led the New Model Army?
Sir Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell.
Who were the Cavaliers?
They are also known as Royalists. They supported King Charles I and thought of themselves as righteous. They were catholic and didn’t care about the poor. They were also flamboyant (attracted attention because of their confidence.)
Who were the Roundheads?
They were also known as the Parliamentarians. They wanted Parliament to have power over England. They wanted no King and no fun. They were referred to as Purists (Puritans). They insisted on banning music and sports and were quite strict. They believed in democracy.
What was life like for people during the civil war?
Ordinary people during the civil war had to choose a side and everyone was dragged into the fiasco. The whole country was a battlefield. It happened all of a sudden which surprised some people and not many people wanted either choice.
Why did the Roundheads win the war?
They won the war due to stable finances, their disciplined army and bad decisions made by the Cavaliers. During the war, the battles had took place in Parliament territory rather than the Royalist’s territory and as Parliament won more battles, they claimed more land which led to victory.
