The Energy of Life Flashcards
Definition of Metabolism
Consists of chemical reactions that consume or generate energy
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
- Mono- = simple sugars
- Di- = two simple sugars bond
- Poly- = many simples sugars
Photosynthesis - Inputs & Outputs
Inputs : Water, carbon dioxide & sunlight
Outputs : Oxygen & sugar
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are plant organelles
that perform photosynthesis
Metabolic pathway
Is a series of chemical reactions that takes a starting molecule and modifies it, step-by-step, through a series of metabolic intermediates, eventually resulting in a final product
- The processes of making and breaking down sugar molecules illustrate two examples of metabolic pathways
Types of Metabolic Pathways
(A.P & C.P)
- Anabolic pathways : are those that
require energy to synthesize larger molecules - Catabolic pathways : are those that generate energy and release it by breaking down larger molecules.
Kinetic Energy
Energy of movement
- The energy that is associated with an object in motion
Potential Energy
Energy that is stored
- The energy that is associated with an object that is not moving
Energy Converted
Energy can be converted from potential to kinetic due to
gravity or elastic/compression properties, such as in a spring
- Potential energy also seen in molecular bonds
Free Energy & Types
Some energy is lost during chemical reactions
- Free energy refers to the energy that is available after the losses are accounted for
There are two types of free energy reactions
- Exergonic reactions
- Endergonic reactions
Exergonic Reactions & Endergonic Reactions
Exergonic reactions : are reactions that have a negative change in free energy and consequently release free energy
- Reaction is spontaneous
Endergonic reactions : are reactions that have a positive change in free energy and will not take place on its own without the addition of free energy
- Reaction is NOT spontaneous
What are enzymes?
Type of proteins that lower activation energy to begin processes
Enzyme Use
_ Conditions within body…
- Molecules bind to…
- Conditions within the body are constantly changing and different organs/cells have different needs
- Other molecules can bind to enzymes to inhibit or activate
them
What effects enzymes?
Temperature, pH, and salt concentrations
