The Endocrine System Topic One vocabulary Flashcards
the range of conditions that a person (or any living thing) can survive
Tolerance Limits
Regulation of internal conditions to maintain conditions necessary for life
Homeostasis
the systems of hormones that helps to regulate the human body and maintain homeostasis
The endocrine system
A chemical signal released from a gland that has an effect in another part of the body
hormone
a gland that releases hormones
Endocrine gland
the intended destination of the released hormone
target tissue
a binding site on the surface of the cells of the target tissue where the hormone attaches and creates a response
Receptor
the effect that is caused by a hormone being released in the body
response
any factor that causes a hormone to be released in the body
stimulus
endocrine gland located in the brain that connects the nervous system and the endocrine system together in the brain; controls the pituitary gland
hypothalamus
endocrine gland located in the brain under the hypothalamus gland; the master gland that sends out hormones to control other glands of the endocrine system
pituitary gland
located above the kidneys; send out hormones during times of stress that elevate heart rate and blood pressure and increase muscle efficiency
adrenal gland
a hormone released by the adrenal gland that aids during times of stress
cortisol and adrenaline
the response that is generated when the body is exposed to stress hormones;raises blood pressure and heart rate and prepares the body to fight for surivival or escape (flight)
fight or flight response
endocrine gland located above the kidneys that helps in digestion and regulates blood sugar levels
pancreas
endocrine gland located in the neck; sends out hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and development
thyroid
endocrine gland located on the surface of the thyroid gland; regulates calcium in the body
parathyroid
endocrine gland located only in females; released female sex hormones
ovaries
a female sex hormone that controls development in females
estrogen
endocrine gland located only in males; releases male sex hormones
testes
a male sex hormone that controls development in males
testosterone
what occurs when the response to a stimulus causes less hormone to be released
negative feedback
a hormone released by the pancreas that helps to reduce sugar in the blood by cuing the liver to take in and store excess glucose
insulin
a hormone released by the pancreas that helps to increase sugar in the blood by cuing the liver to release glucose back into the blood
glucagon
endocrine disorder caused by the release of too much human growth hormone being released from the pituitary gland; causes extremely rapid growth and excessively large people
acromegaly
endocrine disorder caused by the release of too little human growth hormone being released from the pituitary gland; causes short stature particularly in the limbs of those affected
achondroplasia
endocrine disorder caused by the inability of the pancreas to produce enough insulin to reduce blood sugar levels
diabeties
endocrine disorder caused by the production of too much insulin from the pancreas which results in blood sugar levels which drop too low
hypoglycemia
caused by an immune disorder that prompts the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroid hormone; weight loss and nervousness and inability to concentrate are common symptoms
graves disease
caused by an immune disorder that prompts the thyroid gland to produce too little thyroid hormone; weight gain and lack of energy are common symptoms
myxedema
caused by a defect in the pituitary gland that prompts the adrenal glands to produce too much cortisol; weight gain and lack of energy are common symptoms
cushing’s syndrome
caused by damage to the adrenal glands which causes them to produce too little cortisol; weight loss and extreme fatigue are common symptoms
addison’s disease
