The Endocrine System and Hormones Flashcards
Learn about the endocrine system and hormones in specific to the human body including different types of hormones and the human brain.
Define the endocrine system
A group of glands that secrete hormones.
Define a hormone
Chemicals produced that travel through your blood stream affecting the function of cells by changing the type & quantities of proteins produced.
What are the two types of hormones?
Steroid and Proteins and Amines
What are steroid hormones and how do they work? (i.e., soluble, lasting effects, diffusion, binding) Give an example!
A steroid hormone is a slow acting, long lasting liquid-soluble hormone. It binds to transport proteins to travel through blood towards target. Once separated, diffuses across the cell membrane and binds to receptor cell inside the cytoplasm or// nucleus. It activates or inhibits transcription of protein synthesis. (doesn’t need aid to diffuse across cell membrane). Binds and activates intracellular receptors.
Example:
Progesterone, Oestrogen, Cortisol, Aldosterone.
What are protein & amines hormones and how do they work (i.e., soluble, lasting effects, diffusion, binding) Give an example!
A protein and amines hormone is a fast acting, short lasting water-soluble hormone. It attaches to a receptor protein on the cell membrane and requires a secondary messenger to diffuse across the cell membrane activating specific enzyme molecules. (needs aid (secondary messenger) to diffuse across cell membrane. Bind with and activate receptors on the cell membrane.
Example:
Insulin, Growth Hormone, Antidiuretic Hormone.
Define Enzyme Amplification:
A ‘cascading effect’ where the number of a reacting molecule is increased (x100, x1000) for each step. One hormone can trigger the production of billions of enzyme molecules.
Hormone Clearance: what happens after a hormone is used/ isn’t needed?
After a hormone has it’s desired effect or isn’t required, it is broken down by the liver and kidney to be excreted through urine.
How can hormones effect enzymes?
Hormones can change the concentration activity of enzymes, the shape, activity of certain genes in the nucleus to produce types of enzymes/proteins, structure and the production of structural proteins.
Explain the difference between steroid and protein & amines hormones?
A steroid hormone is slow-acting, long-lasting and lipid soluble whilst a protein & amines hormone is fast-acting, short-lasting and water-soluble. A steroid hormone can diffuse across the cell membrane itself however a protein and amines hormone require a secondary messenger. A lipid-soluble can bind with and activate an intracellular receptor however water-soluble can bind with and activate receptors on the cell wall membrane.
What is a synapse?
The conduction of a signal between neurons
what is a neur
