The Endocrine System Flashcards
What are Hormones ?
Hormones are secretions from specific cells or glands in the body and are carried to all parts through blood but only effects specific parts
What are endocrine glands ? and how are they different from exocrine glands ?
Most hormones are secreted by special glands called endocrine glands meaning “secrete internally”. They are different from exocrine glands as they pour their secretions directly into the blood
What are 4 endocrine glands
1] Adrenal
2] Pancreas
3] Thyroid
4] Pituitary
What are the 2 parts of Adrenal glands? What hormones do they secrete ? and what are functions of the hormones?
Adrenal gland is divided into 2 parts called adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex. Adrenal Medulla is outer part and secretes hormone ADRENALINE. Adrenal Cortex is inner part and secretes CORTISONE. Adrenaline hormones prepare the body for an emergency situation to ‘fight’ or ‘flight’ response.
cortisone hormone is responsible for suppressing inflammation .
What are results of hypersecretion and hyposecretion of cortisone hormone ?
HYPERSECRETION of cortisone causes Addison’s disease. Symptoms are loss of energy, skin pigmentation, loss of weight, nausea.
HYPOSECRETION of cortisone causes Cushing’s syndrome. Symptoms are obesity, hyperglycemia, weakness, etc .
Give brief introduction for Pancreas
Pancreas is both duct and ductless gland. As a duct gland it secretes pancreatic juice in duodenum. As a ductless glands it has groups of hormone secreting cells called Islets of Langerhans.
State functions of Insulin and Glucagon
INSULIN -
-promotes glucose utilisation by the body thereby reducing the blood sugar level.
-stimulates the deposition of extra glucose as glycogen in lever and muscles
GLUCAGON - stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver to glucose, thus raises the blood sugar level
What are results of hypersecretion and hyposecretion of Insulin ?
HYPERSECRETION of Insulin causes DIABETES MELLITUS.
HYPOSECRETION of Insulin causes HYPOGLYCEMIA.
Where is thyroid gland located? What hormone does it secrete? state the function of the Hormone?
Thyroid gland is located in front of the neck near the larynx. It secretes the hormone THYROXINE which is responsible for regulating the basal metabolism.
What are results of hypersecretion and hyposecretion of Thyroxine?
HYPERSECRETION of thyroxine causes Simple goitre, Cretinism, Myxoedema. Simple Goitre is the enlargement of of the thyroid. Cretinism is condition in CHILDREN showing dwarfism and mental retardation .Myxoedema is condition in which the person becomes sluggish with swelling in the face and hands.
HYPOSECRETION of thyroxine causes exophthalmic goitre. Protruding eyes ,increased metabolism, shortness of breath, restlessness
Where is Pituitary gland located? Name the 2 lobes its divided into. Also name the hormones secreted by the 2 lobes.
Pituitary gland is located at the base of the mid brain below hypothalamus . It has 2 distinct lobes called the anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary.
Anterior pituitary secretes GROWTH HORMONE ,THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE, GONAD STIMULATING HORMONE, ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE.
Posterior pituitary secretes ANTIDIUTERIC HORMONE, OXYTOCIN
What are functions of hormones secreted by anterior pituitary?
1] Growth Hormone - is essential for normal growth
2] TSH - activates thyroid to secrete thyroxine
3] Gonad Stimulating hormone regulates the activities of ovaries and testes
4] ACTH - regulates the activity of adrenal cortex
What are functions of hormones secreted by posterior pituitary?
Antidiuretic hormone - constricts blood vessels with rise in high blood pressure.
Oxytocin - stimulates vigorous contraction of the uterus in a pregnant woman
What are results of hypersecretion and hyposecretion of Growth hormone?
HYPERSECRETION - Dwarfism
HYPOSECRETION - Gigantism
