The Endocrine System Flashcards
What are the three differences between neurotransmitters and hormones?
Neurotransmitters
-carry messages through NS
-faster
-more energy
Hormones
-carry messages in bloodstream
-slower
-less energy
How does the endocrine system work?
It contains glands that produce hormones which are then released into the bloodstream to the target organs which contains receptors for specific hormones
What is Cushing’s disease and what is the common cause for it?
Individual has too much cortisol, leading to high blood pressure / depression.
The common cause for too much cortisol is there being a tumour in the pituitary gland, releasing too much of the hormone ACTH, causing adrenal cortex to release cortisol.
What is the role of the pituitary gland?
Often called ‘master gland’ it releases hormones that control the release of hormones from other endocrinal glands.
What are the two parts to the adrenal gland and what do they both do?
Adrenal Medulla - releases adrenaline for fight/ flight situation
Adrenal Cortex - releases cortisol in response chronic stress.
What is the role of the ovaries / testes?
Testes - responsible for releasing testosterone, the male hormone that produces secondary characteristics
Ovaries - responsible for releasing oestrogen + progesterone, the female hormones, that produce secondary characteristics.
What is the role of the pineal gland?
It releases melatonin, which helps us fall, and stay, asleep.
What is the role of the hypothalamus?
It releases the hormone CRF when chronic stress levels increase.
What is oestrogens role in the menstrual cycle?
It repairs and thickens the uterus lining after ovulation
What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle and how long does the cycle last?
It maintains the uterus lining
typically 28 days
What does FSH do in the menstrual cycle?
-it causes egg development.
-causes oestrogen levels to increase
What does LH in the menstrual cycle?
Aids egg maturation that causes ovulation
stimulates production of progesterone
