the endocrine system

Question 1

what is the endocrine system?

Answer 1

a network of glands that produce and secrete chemical messages (hormones) into the bloodstream, that then influence a variety of functions, e.g. metabolism, growth and sexual development

Question 2

hypothalamus

Answer 2

• the control system that regulates the endocrine system
• it regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

Question 3

pituitary gland

Answer 3

• the master gland
• hormones released here control/ stimulate the release of hormones from other glands
• split into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe

Question 4

anterior lobe

Answer 4

produces adrenocortical trophic hormone which stimulates the adrenal cortex and the release of cortisol during the stress response

Question 5

posterior lobe

Answer 5

produces oxytocin which is responsible for uterus contractions during childbirth

Question 6

pineal gland

Answer 6

secretes melatonin which regulates biological rhythms like the sleep wake cycle

Question 7

thyroid gland

Answer 7

secretes thyroxine which regulates metabolism (chemical reactions that convert food to energy)

Question 8

adrenal gland

Answer 8

the adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline which are involved in the fight or flight response

the adrenal cortex secretes cortisol which stimulates glucose release for energy, while suppressing the immune system

Question 9

ovaries

Answer 9

secrete oestrogen which controls the regulation of the female reproductive system, e.g. pregnancy and the menstrual cycle

Question 10

testes

Answer 10

secrete testosterone which is responsible for the development of male sex characteristics during puberty and promotes muscle growth