The Endocrine System

Question 1

What is a hormone?

Answer 1

A hormone is a chemical messenger, which is secreted directly into the blood by a particular gland.

Question 2

The endocrine system

Answer 2

The endocrine system is composed of ductless glands which produce hormones, the body’s chemical messengers.

Question 3

What is a gland?

Answer 3

An organ that makes one or more substances, such as hormones, digestive juices, sweat, tears, saliva, or milk.

Question 4

Hypersecretion

Answer 4

If too much of a hormone is produced it is known as hypersecretion.

Question 5

Hyposecretion

Answer 5

If too little of a hormone is produced it is known as hyposecretion.

Question 6

Pituitary gland

Answer 6

Referred to as the master gland as it controls the functions of the other glands

Question 7

Structure of the pituitary gland?

Answer 7

Small round structure divided into anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary

Question 8

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 8

Gland is located at the base of the skull.
(master gland as it controls the functions of the other glands)

Question 9

Anterior Lobe Hormones

Answer 9

Responsible for producing hormones that control other endocrine glands

Question 10

Posterior Lobe hormones

Answer 10

Is controlled by nervous stimulation within hypothalamus

Question 11

List of endocrine glands

Answer 11

Hypothalmus
Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Testes
Ovaries

Question 12

The hypothalamus

Answer 12

The hypothalamus situated at the base of the brain links the nervous and endocrine systems.

It controls and co-ordinates bodily functions and maintains the internal balance of the body known as homeostasis

Hormones are produced in the gland and are then transported to the area/organ they control or affect.

Question 13

Endocrine Gland

Answer 13

A ductless gland which produces hormones. Ductless means that there is no separate canal or tube

Question 14

The 2 Gonadotrophic hormones

Answer 14

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone )
LH (luteinising hormone )

Question 15

Function of Follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 15

Stimulates the ovaries to develop eggs and to produce the hormone, oestrogen
Stimulates the testes inn men to produce sperm

Question 16

Function of Luteinising hormone

Answer 16

Stimulates ovulation and produces progesterone in women
Stimulates the testes in men to produce the hormone testosterone

Question 17

Human growth hormone is responsible for…

Answer 17

The growth of skeletal and muscular systems

Question 18

Hypersecretion of Human Growth hormone

Answer 18

Gigantism

Question 19

Hyposecretion of Human Growth hormone

Answer 19

Dwarfism

Question 20

Function of prolactin

Answer 20

Initiates and maintains milk production

Question 21

Melanocyte S hormone is responsible for….

Answer 21

Production of melanin In the epidermis

Question 22

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 22

Vasopressin which regulates water balance in the body. The water is reabsorbed into the blood circulation by the kidneys rather than being lost as urine

Question 23

Hypersecretion of Antidiuretic hormone causes…..

Answer 23

Oedema (swelling)

Question 24

Hyposecretion of Antidiuretic hormone causes…..

Answer 24

Causes diabetes insipidus and kidney problems

Question 25

Function of oxytocin

Answer 25

Releases milk from the breast and contracting the uterus during labour and after birth

Question 26

Location of the Thyroid

Answer 26

Neck below the larynx

Question 27

Function of Thyroid

Answer 27

Produces 3 hormones in response to the production of TSH in the anterior lobe of the Pituitary Gland

Question 28

Structure of the Thyroid

Answer 28

Largest endocrine gland, 2 lobes joined by a stalk

Question 29

Thyroxine function

Answer 29

Controls basal metabolic rate BMR
regulates growth and development of the body

Question 30

Hyposecretion of Thyroxine

Answer 30

Goitre

Question 31

Function of Calcitonin

Answer 31

Maintains calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood

Question 32

Parathyroid Glands Location

Answer 32

Neck behind the thyroid gland

Question 33

Function of parathormone

Answer 33

Regulates calcium and phosphorus in blood, stimulates reabsorption of calcium in kidneys

Question 34

Location of Thymus

Answer 34

in the thorax

Question 35

Location of pineal gland

Answer 35

centre of the brain

Question 36

Function of pineal gland

Answer 36

Secretion of Melatonin which controls the body rhythms response to sunlight

Question 37

Hyposecretion of Melatonin

Answer 37

Jet-lagged feeling, depression, SAD – seasonal affective disorder

Question 38

Location of Adrenal Glands

Answer 38

Above and in front of each kidney

Question 39

Structure of Adrenal Glands

Answer 39

2 separate glands: Adrenal cortex and Adrenal medulla surrounded by fatty tissue making them appear as one gland

Question 40

Name the 3 hormones produced by Adrenal Cortex

Answer 40

Glucocorticoids - cortisol, cortisone , Mineralocorticoids - aldersterone and Sex corticoids – androgens

Question 41

Name the 2 hormones produced by Adrenal Medulla

Answer 41

Adrenalin and Noradrenalin

Question 42

Islets of Langerhans produces what hormones

Answer 42

Insulin and Glucagon

Question 43

Ovaries secrete what hormones

Answer 43

Oestrogen & progesterone

Question 44

Changes during Menopause

Answer 44

Ovaries and breasts shrink and become less responsive to FSH and LH
Menstruation becomes irregular and eventually stops
Following the menopause a woman can no longer reproduce

Question 45

When does Menopause occur

Answer 45

Between 45 - 55 years and lasts an average of 5 years