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A&P II Lecture > The Endocrine System > Flashcards

The Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the five primary glands?

A

pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal

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2
Q

true or false: the neural system is slow in slow in nature

A

false; it is always quick

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3
Q

what are the two systems that are the main communicators?

A

the endocrine and nervous system

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4
Q

the nervous and endocrine system maintain ______________

A

homeostasis

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5
Q

which intercellular provides electrical and chemical signaling?

A

the neural communication

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6
Q

which system provides ONLY chemical signaling

A

the endocrine system

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7
Q

does it require long for the endocrine signal to communicate?

A

it can; it has to travel through the body

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8
Q

what are the nervous systems main chemical signaling

A

neurotransmitters

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9
Q

what are the main chemical signaling of the endocrine?

A

hormones

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10
Q

what are the secondary organs?

A

pancreas, hypothalamus, thymus, heart, kidneys, stomach, small intestine, liver, skin, ovaries, tested, adipose tissue

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11
Q

what is autocrine signaling

A

when the same cell responses to a signal

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12
Q

what is Interleukin-1?

A

an inflammatory response; example of autocrine signaling

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13
Q

what is the paracrine factor?

A

another cell secretes so surrounding cells could take in the hormone

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14
Q

what hormones do the anterior pituitary secrete?

A

growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone (LH).

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15
Q

what does the growth hormone (GH) do?

A

promote growth of body tissue

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16
Q

what does prolactin (PRL) do?

A

promote milk production

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17
Q

what does the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) do?

A

stimulates thyroid hormone release

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18
Q

what does the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) do?

A

stimulate hormone release by adrenal cortex

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19
Q

what does the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) do?

A

stimulate gamete production

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20
Q

what does the luteinizing hormone (LH) do?

A

stimulate androgen production by gonads

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21
Q

what hormones do the posterior pituitary secrete?

A

antiderietic hormone (ADH) and oxycontin

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22
Q

what does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do

A

stimulates water reabsorption by kidneys

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23
Q

what does oxytocin do?

A

stimulate uterine contractions during childbirth

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24
Q

what hormones does the thyroid secrete?

A

thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin

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25
Q

what do thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) do?

A

stimulate basal metabolic rate

26
Q

what does calcitonin do

A

reduce blood calcium levels

27
Q

what hormone does the parathyroid secrete?

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

28
Q

what does parathyroid hormone (PTH) do?

A

increase blood calcium levels

29
Q

what hormones does the adrenal cortex produce?

A

aldosterone, cortisol, corticosterone, and cortisone

30
Q

what does aldosterone do?

A

increase blood sodium levels

31
Q

what does cortisol, corticosterone, and cortisone do?

A

increase blood glucose levels

32
Q

what hormone does the adrenal medulla secrete?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

33
Q

what does epinephrine and norepinephrine do?

A

stimulate fight-or-flight response

34
Q

what hormone does the pineal glad produce?

A

melatonin

35
Q

what does melatonin do?

A

regulate sleep cycle

36
Q

what does the pancreas secrete?

A

insulin and glucagon

37
Q

what does insulin do

A

reduce blood glucose levels

38
Q

what does glucagon do

A

increases blood glucose level

39
Q

what do the testes produce

A

testosterone

40
Q

what does testosterone do

A

stimulate development of male 2ndary sex characteristics and sperm production

41
Q

what do the ovaries secrete

A

estrogen and progesterone

42
Q

what do estrogen and progesterone do

A

stimulate development of female 2ndary sex characteristics and prepare the body for childbirth

43
Q

which hormones classify as protein hormones

A

growth hormone (GH), insulin, and glucagon

44
Q

what hormones classify as peptide hormones?

A

prolactin (PRL), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), antidiuretic hormone (ADH), oxytocin, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone (PTH)

45
Q

which hormones classify as glycoproteins?

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH)

46
Q

which hormones classify as amine hormones?

A

thyroxin (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), epinephrine, and norepinephrine

47
Q

what hormones classify as steroids?

A

aldosterone, cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone

48
Q

which are the 2 major groups of hormones?

A

amino acids and lipids

49
Q

how do they classify the groups

A

through chemical structure

50
Q

where are amine hormones synthesized from

A

tyrosine and tryptophan

51
Q

where is melatonin deprived from

A

tryptophan

52
Q

which hormones are tyrosine deprivates

A

thyroid hormones and catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine)

53
Q

true or false: peptide and protein hormones come from multiple amino acids

A

true; peptide consist of short chains while protein contain longer chains of amino acids

54
Q

how are peptide and protein hormones synthesized

A

they are synthesized by DNA which later transcribed into mRNA

55
Q

which primary hormones are lipids

A

the ones that are steroids; they are hydrophobic

56
Q

how do steroids travel to target cell

A

they are transported by a transfer protein

57
Q

true or false: steroids have a shorter life than amino acid derivative

A

false; they have a complex structure that allows them to have a longer life span

58
Q

are dopamines hormones

A

it is a neurotransmitter

59
Q

how do target cells get the response

A

hormone sends message, receptor receives it, message is processed, other signaling events or cellular mechanisms initiated, then that triggers the response

60
Q

which hormones cross through diffusion

A

steroid hormones

61
Q

how do thyroid hormones get into the cell

A

they are required to have a carrier-mediated mechanism

A&P II Lecture (1 decks)

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