The Endocrine System

Question 1

what are the five primary glands?

Answer 1

pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal

Question 2

true or false: the neural system is slow in slow in nature

Answer 2

false; it is always quick

Question 3

what are the two systems that are the main communicators?

Answer 3

the endocrine and nervous system

Question 4

the nervous and endocrine system maintain ______________

Answer 4

homeostasis

Question 5

which intercellular provides electrical and chemical signaling?

Answer 5

the neural communication

Question 6

which system provides ONLY chemical signaling

Answer 6

the endocrine system

Question 7

does it require long for the endocrine signal to communicate?

Answer 7

it can; it has to travel through the body

Question 8

what are the nervous systems main chemical signaling

Answer 8

neurotransmitters

Question 9

what are the main chemical signaling of the endocrine?

Answer 9

hormones

Question 10

what are the secondary organs?

Answer 10

pancreas, hypothalamus, thymus, heart, kidneys, stomach, small intestine, liver, skin, ovaries, tested, adipose tissue

Question 11

what is autocrine signaling

Answer 11

when the same cell responses to a signal

Question 12

what is Interleukin-1?

Answer 12

an inflammatory response; example of autocrine signaling

Question 13

what is the paracrine factor?

Answer 13

another cell secretes so surrounding cells could take in the hormone

Question 14

what hormones do the anterior pituitary secrete?

Answer 14

growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone (LH).

Question 15

what does the growth hormone (GH) do?

Answer 15

promote growth of body tissue

Question 16

what does prolactin (PRL) do?

Answer 16

promote milk production

Question 17

what does the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) do?

Answer 17

stimulates thyroid hormone release

Question 18

what does the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) do?

Answer 18

stimulate hormone release by adrenal cortex

Question 19

what does the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) do?

Answer 19

stimulate gamete production

Question 20

what does the luteinizing hormone (LH) do?

Answer 20

stimulate androgen production by gonads

Question 21

what hormones do the posterior pituitary secrete?

Answer 21

antiderietic hormone (ADH) and oxycontin

Question 22

what does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do

Answer 22

stimulates water reabsorption by kidneys

Question 23

what does oxytocin do?

Answer 23

stimulate uterine contractions during childbirth

Question 24

what hormones does the thyroid secrete?

Answer 24

thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin

Question 25

what do thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) do?

Answer 25

stimulate basal metabolic rate

Question 26

what does calcitonin do

Answer 26

reduce blood calcium levels

Question 27

what hormone does the parathyroid secrete?

Answer 27

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 28

what does parathyroid hormone (PTH) do?

Answer 28

increase blood calcium levels

Question 29

what hormones does the adrenal cortex produce?

Answer 29

aldosterone, cortisol, corticosterone, and cortisone

Question 30

what does aldosterone do?

Answer 30

increase blood sodium levels

Question 31

what does cortisol, corticosterone, and cortisone do?

Answer 31

increase blood glucose levels

Question 32

what hormone does the adrenal medulla secrete?

Answer 32

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 33

what does epinephrine and norepinephrine do?

Answer 33

stimulate fight-or-flight response

Question 34

what hormone does the pineal glad produce?

Answer 34

melatonin

Question 35

what does melatonin do?

Answer 35

regulate sleep cycle

Question 36

what does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 36

insulin and glucagon

Question 37

what does insulin do

Answer 37

reduce blood glucose levels

Question 38

what does glucagon do

Answer 38

increases blood glucose level

Question 39

what do the testes produce

Answer 39

testosterone

Question 40

what does testosterone do

Answer 40

stimulate development of male 2ndary sex characteristics and sperm production

Question 41

what do the ovaries secrete

Answer 41

estrogen and progesterone

Question 42

what do estrogen and progesterone do

Answer 42

stimulate development of female 2ndary sex characteristics and prepare the body for childbirth

Question 43

which hormones classify as protein hormones

Answer 43

growth hormone (GH), insulin, and glucagon

Question 44

what hormones classify as peptide hormones?

Answer 44

prolactin (PRL), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), antidiuretic hormone (ADH), oxytocin, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 45

which hormones classify as glycoproteins?

Answer 45

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 46

which hormones classify as amine hormones?

Answer 46

thyroxin (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), epinephrine, and norepinephrine

Question 47

what hormones classify as steroids?

Answer 47

aldosterone, cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone

Question 48

which are the 2 major groups of hormones?

Answer 48

amino acids and lipids

Question 49

how do they classify the groups

Answer 49

through chemical structure

Question 50

where are amine hormones synthesized from

Answer 50

tyrosine and tryptophan

Question 51

where is melatonin deprived from

Answer 51

tryptophan

Question 52

which hormones are tyrosine deprivates

Answer 52

thyroid hormones and catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine)

Question 53

true or false: peptide and protein hormones come from multiple amino acids

Answer 53

true; peptide consist of short chains while protein contain longer chains of amino acids

Question 54

how are peptide and protein hormones synthesized

Answer 54

they are synthesized by DNA which later transcribed into mRNA

Question 55

which primary hormones are lipids

Answer 55

the ones that are steroids; they are hydrophobic

Question 56

how do steroids travel to target cell

Answer 56

they are transported by a transfer protein

Question 57

true or false: steroids have a shorter life than amino acid derivative

Answer 57

false; they have a complex structure that allows them to have a longer life span

Question 58

are dopamines hormones

Answer 58

it is a neurotransmitter

Question 59

how do target cells get the response

Answer 59

hormone sends message, receptor receives it, message is processed, other signaling events or cellular mechanisms initiated, then that triggers the response

Question 60

which hormones cross through diffusion

Answer 60

steroid hormones

Question 61

how do thyroid hormones get into the cell

Answer 61

they are required to have a carrier-mediated mechanism