Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Systems 2 - The Endocrine System > The Endocrine Pancreas > Flashcards

The Endocrine Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What two centres of the brain govern food intake?

A

Feeding centre and satiety centre (both in the hypothalamus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What two theories govern food intake?

A
  1. Glucostatic theory

2. Lipostatic theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does glucostatic theory state?

A

Food intake is determined by blood glucose concentrations - as [BG] increases the drive to eat decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the lipophilic theory state?

A

Food intake is determined by fat stores - as fat stores increase, the drive to eat decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What peptide hormone plays a role in depressing feeding activity?

A

Leptin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can obesity arise from the threories of food intake?

A

Disruption of the pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What three categories of energy output are there?

A
  1. Cellular work
  2. Mechanical work
  3. Heat loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the only type of energy output we can regulate?

A

Mechanical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the definition of metabolism?

A

Integration of all biochemical reactions in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What three elements comprise metabolism?

A
  1. Extracting energy from nutrients in food
  2. Storing that energy
  3. Utilising that energy for work
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What two metabolic pathways are there?

A

Anabolic and catabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What phase of metabolism do we enter after eating?

A

Absorptive phase - anabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What phase of metabolism do we enter between meals and overnight?

A

Post-absorptive phase (fasting) - catabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an obligatory glucose user? Give an example?

A

An organ that can only utilise glucose as a respiratory substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

State the normal range of blood glucose

A

4.2-6.3mM/L (80-120mg/L)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do alpha cells secrete in the pancreas?

A

Glucagon (peptide hormone)

17
Q

What is the primary action of glucagon?

A

Raise blood glucose by stimulating the liver to undergo glycogenolysis

18
Q

What is the half life of glucagon?

A

5-10 mins

19
Q

What hormone is secreted by the beta cells?

A

Insulin

20
Q

What is the primary action of insulin?

A

To decrease blood glucose

21
Q

What hormone do delta cells secrete?

A

Somatostatin

22
Q

What hormone do F cells secrete?

A

Pancreatic polypeptide (functionally irrelevant)

23
Q

Outline the sequence of events that insulin instigates to decreased blood glucose

A
  1. Actives tyrosine kinase receptors
  2. Stimulates mobilisation of specific GLUT-4 receptors which reside in the cytoplasm of unstimulated muscle and adipose cells
24
Q

What are the additional secondary effects of insulin?

A
  1. Glycogen synthesis
  2. Increase uptake of amino acids
  3. Inhibits proteolysis
  4. Increases TAG synthesis
  5. Inhibits gluconeogenesis
  6. Permissive effect on growth hormone
25
Q

What tissues are insulin sensitive?

A

Muscle and fat

26
Q

Other tissues use other glucose transporters to uptake glucose; give a few examples

A

GLUT-1 - brain, kidneys and RBCs
GLUT-2 - Pancreas and liver
GLUT-3 - similar to GLUT-1

27
Q

List stimuli that increase insulin release

A
  1. Increase in [BG]
  2. Increase [Amino acid]plamsa
  3. Glucagon
  4. Other (incretin) hormones increasing GI motility/secretion
  5. Vagal nerve activity
28
Q

List stimuli that inhibit glucose release

A
  1. Low [BG]
  2. Somatostatin
  3. Sympathetic alpha2 effects
  4. Stress e.g. hypoxia
29
Q

What receptors does glucagon work on?

A

GPCR linked to adenyl cyclase which activate cAMP to phosphorylate liver enzymes

30
Q

What stimuli cause secretion of glucagon?

A
  1. Low [BJG]
  2. High [AAs]
  3. Sympathetic innervation
  4. Cortisol
  5. Stress e.g. exercise and infection
31
Q

What inhibits the release of glucagon?

A
  1. Glucose
  2. FFAs and ketones
  3. Insulin
  4. Somatostatin
32
Q

What is the main action of somatostatin?

A

Inhibits activity in the GI tract

33
Q

How can synthetic somatostatin be used clinically?

A

In the treatment of life-threatening diarrhoea associated with pancreatic tumours

Systems 2 - The Endocrine System (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions