The endocannabinoid system Flashcards

1
Q

Cannabis sativa produce?

A

About 70 compounds which are chemically related to delta9-THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)

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2
Q

Cannabinoids?

A

Chemically related to tetrahydrocannbinol that is produced from cannabis sativa

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3
Q

Marijuana and hashish are?

Causes what effect?

A

Cannabis product

Psychotropic effects

Attributes to delta9-THC

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4
Q

Drug harm potential?

A

Dependent on the scientific dependence of it.

Illustrated in a harm vs addictive graph.

Cannabis is less harmful than alcohol

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5
Q

Localisation of cannabinoids binding sites?

A

The molecules in the cannabis binds to receptors.

The receptors they bind to are distributed throughout the brain including the cerebellum and hippocampus.

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6
Q

The large range of receptors they bind to means?

A

These drugs mediate a variety of different brain systems

Can modulate a variety of processes

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7
Q

CB1?

A

Mainly in CNS and some peripheral tissue such as adipose tissue, heart and liver.

Couple ot Gi/o family and inhibit adenylate cyclase activity upon activation.

CB1 receptor activation modulates calcium or potassium condutance

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8
Q

What does the CB1 receptor modulate?

A

Supresses neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release

Modulates NO production

Na channel conductance

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9
Q

CB2?

A

Primarily in cells of the immune system, in the spleen, tonsils and thymus.

Couple to Gi/o and inhibit adenylate cyclase activity upon activation

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10
Q

CB1 and CB2 receptor formation?

A

7TMs domains.

GPCR.

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11
Q

CB3?

A

Evidence suggest this unknown receptor exists

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12
Q

CB1 receptor distribution in the brain?

A

Distribution suggest high or exclusive expression in GABAergic cell.

Sections of the basal ganglia and hippocampus

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13
Q

GABAergic cells?

A

Cells that synthessi GABA

Involved in inhibition

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14
Q

Endocannabinoids metabolism?

A

AS10

Dedegration reactions

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15
Q

DSI?

A

Depolarisation-induced suppression of inhibition

IPSP on a CA1 hippocampal cell are inhibited for a brief period following stimulation.

Modulatated by CB1

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16
Q

Retrograde signalling?

A

Retrograde transmission of endocannbinoids to the presynpatic receptor

Inhibits calcium influx and decreases GABA release.

17
Q

Name the 3 neurotransmission strategies?

A

Retrograde: normal chemical synpase

Bidirectional: electrical synpase

Anterograde: endocannabinoid-mediated

AS11

18
Q

Retrograde signaling by endocannabinoids?

A

Anterograde.

Act on the GABAergic synpase and GLUTergic synpase.

AS12

19
Q

Name the 7 chronic effects on endocanniboids?

A
  1. Respiration
  2. Cardiovascular
  3. Immune system
  4. Reproduction
  5. Emotion
  6. Intellect
  7. Psychological
20
Q

What are the acute effects of endocannabinoids?

A

The stimulation leads to tranquility

Impaired short-term memory and learning

Anxiety, fear and pain at high dosage.

Sedation

21
Q

DSI stands for?

A

depolarised-induced suppression of inhibition

AS12

22
Q

DSE stands for?

A

Depolarisation-induced suppression of excitation

23
Q

Role of the endocannbinoid system?

A

Important in the fear, anxiety and panic.

Can do a auditory fear conditioning test model in rodents

24
Q

ECS and food?

A

Increases appetite.

Therefore can make an antagonist drug to suppress appetite.

25
Effects of CB1 stimualtion?
Increase insulin resistance. Decrease HDL-cholesterol. Increase in triglerides Decrease in glucose uptake. Decrease in adiponectine. Food is eaten for its gustatory rewarding properties
26
Rimonabant?
Effective and promising drug. Inverse agonist of the CB1 receptor. Produces consistent weight loss.
27
Why is an inverse agonist of CB1 not a good drug to use?
As CB1 is a pleiotropic target Therefore it adversely affecting all the other neuronal controlled systems.
28
Analgesic effect of ECS?
Rebound hyperalgesia: wont feel pain until the effects leave and will have a rebound pain (which will be must higher than the original) Potential for abuse (the same with all opioid-based analgesics)
29
What is it called when 2AG is converted to glycerol and arachildonic acid?
MAGL