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history: cold War > The End Of WW2 > Flashcards

The End Of WW2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What happened at the end of WW2

A
  • Victory in Europe caused by the military overthrow of Germany
  • Victory in Japan caused by dropping 2 nuclear bombs from the US- Hiroshima and Nagasaki
  • 2 Global superpowers - USA and USSR
  • USSR concerned that the USA having possessions of nuclear weapons
  • competing concerns about how to govern countries- capitalism vs communism
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2
Q

Capitalism

A

-USA
- private businesses and making profits were allowed
- free economy
- great differences in wealth but most have a reasonable standard of living
- multiple political parties in elections and government elected by the people

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3
Q

Communism

A

-USSR
- all businesses are owned by the state and all profits go to the state
- only one party state and other parties are banned
- economy controlled by the government
- low average standards of living but wealth is equally shared
- bases on the ideas of fairness and equality

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4
Q

Nations after WW2

A

The USA:
Had Truman and wished to limit the spread of communism. They had the largest economy and major superpower

The UK:
They had Churchill and atlee and wanted to restore supremacy and importance

The USSR:
They had Stalin and wanted to protect the USSR from the USA. The USSR was damaged from the war and wanted to establish dominance over Eastern Europe.

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5
Q

Why was there mistrust between USSR and USA before WW2

A
  • Ideological differences
  • Stalins regime
  • Propaganda
  • WW1
  • Nazi-soviet pact
  • Russian Civil war
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6
Q

Ideological differences

A

The USA was capitalist and places emphasis on the ‘American dream’ of individuals wanting wealth.
The USSR were communists and the first leader -Lenin- was called for the overthrow of capitalism around the world

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7
Q

Propaganda

A

In the west, the government and media spread fear about the communist threat (red scare). The red scars of 1920 saw panic and arrests in USA.
In the USSR, western governments were seen as a threat to revolution and as oppressors of workers worldwide.

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8
Q

WW1

A

Russia had fought on the Allies side in WW1 until 1971 as their new leader withdrew from war. This made France and Britain find it hard to trust Russia in the future

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9
Q

Nazi-soviet pact

A

Nazi germany and USSE signed a non-aggressive pact in 1939 however Stalin has entered into an agreement with a government that prosecuted communists which made the west have further evidence to not trust the USSR

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10
Q

Stalins regime

A

Lenin’s successor who was Stalin was brutal and ruthless in his rule of the country. The secretive nature of the regime and the disappearance, arrest and murder of high profile figures made the West mistrust Stalin’s government

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11
Q

Russian civil war

A

Following the Russian revolution of 1917, the communists and the anti communists fought in a brutal civil war in order to have control of the country. The western countries sent troops to support and help the anti communists

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12
Q

What made the USSR and USA unite

A

The grand alliance:
Despite the huge amount of mistrust, Hitlers invasion of the USSR in 1941 brought East and West
together. The 2 sides united to fight their common enemy which was Nazi Germany. By working
together, East and West were able to defeat the Nazis in 1945

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13
Q

Yalta conference

A

In February 1945, a conference between Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt was occurring in order to shape Europe after the war

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14
Q

West aims in Yalta (GUECE)

A
  • East and west cooperation should continue
  • Germany should be rebuilt as an independent democratic country
  • Countries in Eastern Europe should have the right to self determination and be free from outside influence.
  • The United Nations should be formed to help avoid conflicts
  • Economic cooperation through the World Bank and International Monetary Fund
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15
Q

The USSR aims in Yalta (GWEGS)

A
  • East and west cooperation should continue
  • Spheres of influence should be created to guarantee security
  • Germany should remain Weak
  • German industry should pay for the rebuilding of the USSR
  • World bank and IMF have no authority over the USSR but the USSR prepared to work within the United Nations.
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16
Q

Percentage agreement

A

In October 1944, Stalin and Churchill met up in Moscow and Churchill wrote his idea on how to split Eastern Europe on a table napkin and Stalin ticked to show his approval.
The percentage agreement was the first step in deciding how the world will be divided after WW2 in order to make sure all the allies would agree in fair judgments after WW2 was over

17
Q

Aims of Churchill (WAAS)

A
  • Aware of Stalins aims and wanted to protect British Interests.
  • Wanted a close relationship with the USA
  • Struggled to understand Stalins Point of View
  • Anti communist so he was naturally mistrustful to Stalin.
18
Q

Aims of Roosevelt (CAB)

A
  • Committed to working with the USSR and got along with Stalin
  • Believed that only a capitalist Europe could prevent a future war
  • Argued that he misunderstood Stalins aims and assumed they wanted the same thing
19
Q

Aims of Stalin (WBR)

A
  • Wanted to ensure that total devastation suffered by the USSE during the war could never happen again.
    -Believed that creating a sphere of influence around the USSR was the best way to ensure security
  • Recognised the need for cooperation with the west -many of his ministers did not
20
Q

Agreements of Yalta

A
  • The liberated countries of Eastern Europe would be allowed to hold free elections
  • The United Nations would be formed to ensure future Co-operations
  • “The Declaration of Liberated Europe” was signed however there were differences in how this document was interpreted by the 3 leaders
21
Q

Potsdam conference

A
  • took place from the 17th July to 1st august 1945. in May 1945 the war against Germany finally ended however the war against Japan still continued.
  • Stalin agreed to help out the western powers in Yalta
  • Roosevelt died and was replaced with Truman and he has little knowledge about international affairs and refused to adopt cooperative nature- Truman didn’t trust the USSR, opposite to Roosevelt and Truman found the USSR as a major threat and wanted to make the USA to be a superpower.
  • Churchill lost the election and was replaced with Attlee however Attlee had similar ideas to Churchill and didn’t trust the USSR
22
Q

Why did the unity between East and West break down

A
  • Stalins desire to make Germany pay reservations was opposed by Truman and Attlee.
  • Truman and Attlee wanted independence and self determination for the countries of Eastern Europe but Stalin wanted them to remain under Soviet influence
  • The red army occupied most of Eastern Europe and the war against Japan was continuing, the west had to accept the situation as it was.
23
Q

Attlee’s aims

A
  • Focused on Domestic plans - creation of Welfare state
  • Worried about Soviet Expansion
  • Wanted a secure Germany
  • Saw Britain as weaker and needing American friendship
24
Q

Truman’s aims

A
  • Wanted self determination for the countries of Europe
  • Didn’t trust Stalin and his intentions
  • Thought America had the upper hand because of the Atomic Bomb
25
Q

Stalins aims in Potsdam conference

A
  • Saw America as a rival and wanted security for USSR
  • thought he was in a powerful position with the Red army occupying Eastern Europe
  • Distrusted America now it had the Atomic bomb
26
Q

Potsdam key agreements

A
  • Division of Germany confirmed
  • Nazi party was banned and it’s leaders put on trial
  • Germans living in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia were returned to Germany
  • Poland was to lose some territory to the USSR
27
Q

The impact of the Atomic bomb

A
  • Truman’s decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 ended the war in the Pacific
  • Stalin had been informed by his spies of the bombs existence however Truman did not inform him officially which made more tension and distrust.
  • The surrender of Japan removed the need for Soviet troops in the Pacific and therefore the need for the grand alliance to continue

history: cold War (3 decks)

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